Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 13;11(1):1197. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80380-4.
Airports can affect birds by hindering acoustic communication. Here, we investigated the impacts of aircraft events on vocal behavior in wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) breeding one mile from an airport in Ithaca, NY, USA. We identified the number of wood thrush songs between 0500 and 0800 h at various distances from the airport and on days with various morning flight schedules. We also analyzed the number of sites from which birds sang during the peak of aircraft events (proxy of number of wood thrush). We found that birds sang more from 0600 to 0640 h when there were aircraft events during this period. This increased vocal behavior is likely explained by increased song output per individual wood thrush, rather than more wood thrush vocalizing. Increased song rate may negatively affect wood thrush fitness through increased energetic demands and/or time tradeoffs with other important behaviors, such as foraging. Identifying the noise thresholds associated with fitness costs (if any) and how different behavioral strategies (i.e. changing the pattern of vocalizations) may allow individuals to evade these costs would be useful for establishing conservation policy in breeding habitats used by passerines, such as the wood thrush.
机场可能会通过阻碍声音交流来影响鸟类。在这里，我们研究了美国纽约伊萨卡市机场一英里范围内的繁殖期林地山雀的鸟类事件对其发声行为的影响。我们在不同距离机场的位置和不同的清晨飞行时间表的日子里，记录了从早上 5 点到 8 点之间林地山雀的鸣叫数量。我们还分析了在飞机活动高峰期（林地山雀数量的代理指标）时鸟儿鸣叫的地点数量。我们发现，当这段时间有飞机活动时，鸟儿会从早上 6 点到 6 点 40 分之间唱得更多。这种增加的发声行为可能是由于每个林地山雀的歌声输出增加，而不是有更多的林地山雀在鸣叫。增加的歌声频率可能会通过增加能量需求和/或与其他重要行为（例如觅食）的时间权衡，对林地山雀的适应度产生负面影响。确定与适应度成本（如果有的话）相关的噪声阈值，以及不同的行为策略（例如改变发声模式）如何使个体能够规避这些成本，对于制定繁殖栖息地（如林地山雀）的保护政策将是有用的。
