Torres Elisa R, Bendlin Barbara B, Kassahun-Yimer Wondwosen, Magnotta Vincent A, Paradiso Sergio
School of Nursing, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, United States.
School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, United States.
J Transp Health. 2021 Mar;20. doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2020.100992. Epub 2020 Dec 11.
Efforts to preserve brain function may be most effective when administered before there are changes in the brain, which may occur decades before the onset of Alzheimer's disease symptoms. White matter hyperintensities (WMH), a cardiovascular disease biomarker, are areas of hyperintense signals scattered in the white matter of the brain evident on magnetic resonance images. WMH increase with age and are associated with a higher risk of dementia. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was an association between different domains and intensities of physical activity earlier in life and lower risk of dementia later in life as indicated by less WMH.
In this cross-sectional study, face-to-face interviews were conducted with the Lifetime Total Physical Activity Questionnaire. The metabolic equivalent of task (MET) hours/week/year of moderate (3.0-5.9 METs) and vigorous-intensity (≥6 METs) occupation, transportation, household and leisure-time physical activity was obtained across school-age (6-11), adolescence (12-18), young (19-39) and middle adulthood (40-64). WMH were calculated as the percent of intracranial volume in cognitively unimpaired middle (age 40-64) and older adults (age 65+). Simultaneous multiple linear regression determined associations between moderate and vigorous-intensity occupation, transportation, household and leisure-time physical activity across school-age, adolescence, young and middle adulthood with WMH.
Greater moderate-intensity transportation physical activity during young (= -.09, =.008) and middle adulthood (= -.14, =.013) was associated with lower WMH in middle and older adulthood, explaining 28% (=.003) to 29% (.002) of the variance in WMH (n=54).
Changes to the physical environment that encourage walking, running or biking, such as sidewalks and bike paths, may be strategies to mitigate the age-related increases in WMH, areas of the brain associated with higher risk of dementia.
在大脑发生变化之前进行保护大脑功能的努力可能最为有效，而这些变化可能在阿尔茨海默病症状出现前几十年就已发生。白质高信号（WMH）是一种心血管疾病生物标志物，是在磁共振图像上可见的散布于脑白质中的高信号区域。WMH随年龄增长而增加，并与痴呆风险升高相关。本研究的目的是确定生命早期不同领域和强度的身体活动与生命后期较低的痴呆风险之间是否存在关联，较低的痴呆风险表现为WMH较少。
在这项横断面研究中，采用终身总身体活动问卷进行面对面访谈。获取了学龄期（6 - 11岁）、青春期（12 - 18岁）、青年期（19 - 39岁）和中年期（40 - 64岁）中度（3.0 - 5.9代谢当量）和高强度（≥6代谢当量）职业、交通、家务和休闲时间身体活动的每周/每年代谢当量小时数。WMH以认知未受损的中年（40 - 64岁）和老年人（65岁及以上）颅内体积的百分比来计算。同时进行多元线性回归，以确定学龄期、青春期、青年期和中年期的中度和高强度职业、交通、家务和休闲时间身体活动与WMH之间的关联。
青年期（β = -0.09，P = 0.008）和中年期（β = -0.14，P = 0.013）较高的中度交通身体活动与中老年期较低的WMH相关，解释了WMH变异的28%（P = 0.003）至29%（P = 0.002）（n = 54）。
改变物理环境以鼓励步行、跑步或骑自行车，如设置人行道和自行车道，可能是减轻与年龄相关的WMH增加的策略，WMH是与痴呆风险较高相关的脑区。
