Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China.
Sungen Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shantou, Guangdong 515071, P.R. China.
Int J Mol Med. 2021 Mar;47(3). doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4835. Epub 2021 Jan 15.
Vitamin K‑dependent proteins (VKDPs) are a group of proteins that need vitamin K to conduct carboxylation. Thus far, scholars have identified a total of 17 VKDPs in the human body. In this review, we summarize three important emerging VKDPs: Growth arrest‑specific protein 6 (Gas 6), Gla‑rich protein (GRP) and periostin in terms of their functions in physiological and pathological conditions. As examples, carboxylated Gas 6 and GRP effectively protect blood vessels from calcification, Gas 6 protects from acute kidney injury and is involved in chronic kidney disease, GRP contributes to bone homeostasis and delays the progression of osteoarthritis, and periostin is involved in all phases of fracture healing and assists myocardial regeneration in the early stages of myocardial infarction. However, periostin participates in the progression of cardiac fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and airway remodeling of asthma. In addition, we discuss the relationship between vitamin K, VKDPs and cancer, and particularly the carboxylation state of VKDPs in cancer.
维生素 K 依赖性蛋白（VKDPs）是一组需要维生素 K 进行羧化的蛋白。到目前为止，学者们已经在人体内共鉴定出 17 种 VKDPs。在这篇综述中，我们就生长停滞特异性蛋白 6（Gas 6）、Gla 丰富蛋白（GRP）和骨桥蛋白在生理和病理条件下的功能，对这三种重要的新型 VKDPs 进行了总结。例如，羧化的 Gas 6 和 GRP 可有效保护血管免于钙化，Gas 6 可防止急性肾损伤并参与慢性肾脏病的发生，GRP 有助于骨稳态并延缓骨关节炎的进展，骨桥蛋白参与骨折愈合的所有阶段，并在心肌梗死的早期阶段协助心肌再生。然而，骨桥蛋白参与了心脏纤维化、特发性肺纤维化和哮喘气道重塑的进展。此外，我们还讨论了维生素 K、VKDPs 与癌症之间的关系，特别是 VKDPs 在癌症中的羧化状态。
