WEHI (Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Melbourne), Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.
Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.
Biochem Soc Trans. 2021 Feb 26;49(1):269-280. doi: 10.1042/BST20200550.
CRISPR base editing technology is a promising genome editing tool as (i) it does not require a DNA template to introduce mutations and (ii) it avoids creating DNA double-strand breaks, which can lead to unintended chromosomal alterations or elicit an unwanted DNA damage response. Given many cancers originate from point mutations in cancer-driving genes, the application of base editing for either modelling tumour development, therapeutic editing, or functional screening is of great promise. In this review, we summarise current DNA base editing technologies and will discuss recent advancements and existing hurdles for its usage in cancer research.
CRISPR 碱基编辑技术是一种很有前途的基因组编辑工具，（i）它不需要 DNA 模板即可引入突变，（ii）它避免了产生 DNA 双链断裂，这可能导致非预期的染色体改变或引发不必要的 DNA 损伤反应。鉴于许多癌症起源于致癌基因中的点突变，碱基编辑在肿瘤发展建模、治疗性编辑或功能筛选方面的应用具有巨大的潜力。在这篇综述中，我们总结了当前的 DNA 碱基编辑技术，并将讨论其在癌症研究中的最新进展和现有障碍。
