Putri Bernadette Btari Kania, Noer Afra Hafny, Purba Fredrick Dermawan
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia.
Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2025 Mar 1;18:487-503. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S501547. eCollection 2025.
Anxiety is a common mental health disorder, with recent studies emphasizing a growing trend of appearance-related concerns among adolescents. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically examine psychological factors related to the prevention and intervention of anxiety disorder. The examination process comprised searching 7 databases for studies investigating psychological factors influencing appearance anxiety among adolescents. The review focused on primary studies published in English between 2014 and 2024, which measured appearance anxiety as a dependent variable. Additionally, a narrative synthesis was conducted on 22 studies that met the inclusion criteria. As a result, the review identified 4 domains of psychological factors influencing appearance anxiety, including 1) personal (eg social media addiction), 2) cognitive (eg value), 3) emotional (eg body shame), and 4) social factors (eg teasing). The findings showed a more complex pattern between these domains, particularly describing the way cognitive and emotional factors mediated the effect of social and personal factors on appearance anxiety. Within each domain, there was considerable homogeneity in the specific factors identified. Consequently, these findings showed the importance of focusing on cognitive and emotional factors in both prevention and intervention strategies for appearance anxiety. Future studies should include other populations, such as young adults and LGBTQ individuals. This is because studies have shown that appearance anxiety is prevalent in the groups, allowing for more generalized findings.
焦虑是一种常见的心理健康障碍，最近的研究强调青少年中与外表相关的担忧呈上升趋势。因此，本研究旨在系统地考察与焦虑症预防和干预相关的心理因素。考察过程包括在7个数据库中搜索有关青少年外表焦虑影响因素的研究。综述聚焦于2014年至2024年间以英文发表的、将外表焦虑作为因变量进行测量的原创性研究。此外，对符合纳入标准的22项研究进行了叙述性综合分析。结果，该综述确定了影响外表焦虑的4个心理因素领域，包括1）个人因素（如社交媒体成瘾）、2）认知因素（如价值观）、3）情感因素（如身体羞耻感）和4）社会因素（如取笑）。研究结果显示这些领域之间存在更复杂的模式，特别是描述了认知和情感因素对外表焦虑中社会和个人因素影响的介导方式。在每个领域内，所确定的具体因素存在相当大的同质性。因此，这些结果表明在外表焦虑的预防和干预策略中关注认知和情感因素的重要性。未来的研究应纳入其他人群，如年轻人和 LGBTQ 群体。这是因为研究表明外表焦虑在这些群体中普遍存在，从而能得出更具普遍性的结果。
