Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
Hormones (Athens). 2021 Sep;20(3):415-422. doi: 10.1007/s42000-020-00268-w. Epub 2021 Jan 16.
In recent years, our knowledge regarding the physiological role of vitamin K has expanded beyond regulation of coagulation to include many other aspects of human health. In the present review, we aimed to evaluate the existing evidence for beneficial effects of vitamin K on type 2 diabetes and components of the metabolic syndrome as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Increased dietary intake of vitamin K has been linked to lower incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), possibly through its enhancement of insulin production and sensitivity. Additionally, higher plasma levels of vitamin K1 have been associated with lower T2DM risk and decreased insulin resistance, and supplementation trials also suggest a positive influence of vitamin K on glucose regulation. Vitamin K might also beneficially affect serum lipids and lipid metabolism. However, the available data remain controversial. Additionally, different studies use different approaches to assess vitamin K status owing to the absence of a generally accepted marker, which further complicates data evaluation. In conclusion, vitamin K possibly improves glucose and lipid metabolism and could be an emerging target in the context of prevention and control of T2DM, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia.
近年来，我们对维生素 K 生理作用的认识已经超出了对凝血的调节，还包括了许多其他与人类健康相关的方面。在本次综述中，我们旨在评估维生素 K 对 2 型糖尿病以及代谢综合征各组分（心血管疾病的风险因素）有益影响的现有证据。增加维生素 K 的饮食摄入与 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）的发病率降低有关，其可能是通过增强胰岛素的产生和敏感性。此外，较高的血浆维生素 K1 水平与较低的 T2DM 风险和降低的胰岛素抵抗相关，补充试验也表明维生素 K 对葡萄糖调节具有积极影响。维生素 K 可能还会对血清脂质和脂质代谢产生有益影响。然而，目前的研究结果仍存在争议。此外，由于缺乏普遍接受的标志物，不同的研究采用了不同的方法来评估维生素 K 的状态，这进一步使数据评估变得复杂。总之，维生素 K 可能改善葡萄糖和脂质代谢，并且可能成为预防和控制 T2DM、胰岛素抵抗和血脂异常的一个新靶点。
