Kalasin Surachate, Sangnuang Pantawan, Khownarumit Porntip, Tang I Ming, Surareungchai Werasak
Faculty of Science and Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Graduate Program, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand.
Pilot Plant Research and Development Laboratory, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2020 Feb 10;6(2):1247-1258. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01664. Epub 2020 Jan 13.
An electrochemical-based sensor created for creatinine detection has been developed for early point-of-care (POC) of diagnosis of renal illnesses. Useful information for the preventive diagnosis and clinical treatments of congenital disorders of creatinine mechanism, advanced liver and kidney diseases, and renal dysfunction can be obtained by the noninvasive evaluation of the creatinine levels in urine. The direct detection of creatinine can be achieved using the modified nanocomposite of cuprous nanoparticles encapsulated by polyacrylic acid (PAA) gel-Cu(II) fabricating on a screen-printed carbon electrode. Here, we report that the degree of kidney dysfunction failure can be determined by an amount of Cu(I) bound with the creatinine through the adsorptive mechanism on the modified electrode. Under cyclic voltammetry scans, the amount of creatinine was measured from the adsorptive signals of the redox peak current identifying the Cu(I)-creatinine complex with a natural logarithm of the creatinine concentration ranging from 200 μM to 100 mM. For this detection range, the theoretical calculation was postulated to describe experimental behaviors of the adsorptive mechanism as creatinine diffused to adsorb on the composite-modified electrode to reduce oxidized copper nanoparticles and transformed to Cu(II)-creatinine complexes. Interestingly, there was evidence that anodic peak potentials had been reduced in magnitudes and shifted negatively by natural logarithm during the formation of the Cu(I)-creatinine complex. For practical usage in POC technology, the creatinine detection in interference was carried out using differential pulse voltammetry to solely determine faradaic currents of creatinine-copper formation. With the interference of urea, glucose, ascorbic acid, glycine, and uric acid in artificial urine, the sensor showed promising results of the interference-free determination with 99.4% sensitivity efficiency, whereas for human urine interference, this sensor showed 85% sensitivity efficiency in detecting creatinine. This shows that this composite-modified sensor (PAA gel-Cu(II)/CuO NPs) has great potential for use in the next-generation devices for creatinine sensing to determine the progression in kidney dysfunctions.
一种用于肌酐检测的基于电化学的传感器已被开发出来，用于肾脏疾病诊断的早期即时检测（POC）。通过对尿液中肌酐水平的无创评估，可以获得有关肌酐机制先天性疾病、晚期肝肾疾病和肾功能不全的预防诊断及临床治疗的有用信息。使用在丝网印刷碳电极上制备的由聚丙烯酸（PAA）凝胶包覆的纳米铜颗粒 - Cu(II) 的改性纳米复合材料可实现肌酐的直接检测。在此，我们报告通过在改性电极上的吸附机制，与肌酐结合的 Cu(I) 的量可确定肾功能衰竭的程度。在循环伏安扫描下，根据氧化还原峰电流的吸附信号测量肌酐的量，该信号识别出 Cu(I) - 肌酐复合物，其肌酐浓度的自然对数范围为 200 μM 至 100 mM。对于此检测范围，进行了理论计算以描述吸附机制的实验行为，即肌酐扩散吸附到复合改性电极上，还原氧化铜纳米颗粒并转化为 Cu(II) - 肌酐复合物。有趣的是，有证据表明在 Cu(I) - 肌酐复合物形成过程中，阳极峰电位的幅度减小并向负方向自然对数移动。为了在 POC 技术中实际应用，使用差分脉冲伏安法在有干扰的情况下进行肌酐检测，以单独确定肌酐 - 铜形成的法拉第电流。在人工尿液中存在尿素、葡萄糖、抗坏血酸、甘氨酸和尿酸的干扰时，该传感器显示出无干扰测定的良好结果，灵敏度效率为 99.4%，而对于人体尿液干扰，该传感器在检测肌酐时显示出 85%的灵敏度效率。这表明这种复合改性传感器（PAA 凝胶 - Cu(II)/CuO NPs）在用于下一代肌酐传感设备以确定肾功能障碍进展方面具有巨大潜力。
