Primary Health Care Centre Cervera, Gerència d'Atenció Primaria, Institut Català de la Salut, 25200 Lleida, Spain.
Department of Medicine, Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarré Foundation IRB Lleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
Nutrients. 2021 Jan 16;13(1):252. doi: 10.3390/nu13010252.
We aimed to assess differences in dietary patterns (i.e., Mediterranean diet and healthy eating indexes) between participants with prediabetes and those with normal glucose tolerance. Secondarily, we analyzed factors related to prediabetes and dietary patterns. This was a cross-sectional study design. From a sample of 594 participants recruited in the Mollerussa study cohort, a total of 535 participants (216 with prediabetes and 319 with normal glucose tolerance) were included. The alternate Mediterranean Diet score (aMED) and the alternate Healthy Eating Index (aHEI) were calculated. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed. There was no difference in the mean aMED and aHEI scores between groups (3.2 (1.8) in the normoglycemic group and 3.4 (1.8) in the prediabetes group, = 0.164 for the aMED and 38.6 (7.3) in the normoglycemic group and 38.7 (6.7) in the prediabetes group, = 0.877 for the aHEI, respectively). Nevertheless, women had a higher mean of aMED and aHEI scores in the prediabetes group (3.7 (1.9), = 0.001 and 40.5 (6.9), < 0.001, respectively); moreover, they had a higher mean of aHEI in the group with normoglycemia (39.8 (6.6); = 0.001). No differences were observed in daily food intake between both study groups; consistent with this finding, we did not find major differences in nutrient intake between groups. In the multivariable analyses, the aMED and aHEI were not associated with prediabetes (odds ratio (OR): 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75-1.87; = 0.460 and OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 0.83-2.10; = 0.246, respectively); however, age (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02-1.05; < 0.001), dyslipidemia (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.27-3.22; = 0.003) and body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05-1.14; < 0.001) were positively associated with prediabetes. Physical activity was associated with a lower frequency of prediabetes (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.31-0.72; = 0.001). In conclusion, subjects with prediabetes did not show a different dietary pattern compared with a normal glucose tolerance group. However, further research is needed on this issue.
我们旨在评估糖尿病前期患者和血糖正常者之间的饮食模式（即地中海饮食和健康饮食指数）的差异。其次，我们分析了与糖尿病前期和饮食模式相关的因素。这是一项横断面研究设计。在 Mollerussa 研究队列中招募的 594 名参与者中，共有 535 名参与者（216 名患有糖尿病前期，319 名血糖正常）被纳入研究。计算了交替地中海饮食评分（aMED）和交替健康饮食指数（aHEI）。进行了单变量和多变量分析。在血糖正常组和糖尿病前期组中，平均 aMED 和 aHEI 评分无差异（血糖正常组为 3.2（1.8），糖尿病前期组为 3.4（1.8）， = 0.164；血糖正常组为 38.6（7.3），糖尿病前期组为 38.7（6.7）， = 0.877）。然而，女性在糖尿病前期组中的 aMED 和 aHEI 评分较高（3.7（1.9）， = 0.001 和 40.5（6.9）， < 0.001）；此外，血糖正常组的 aHEI 评分也较高（39.8（6.6）； = 0.001）。两组间的日常食物摄入量无差异；与这一发现一致，我们没有发现两组间的营养素摄入量存在重大差异。在多变量分析中，aMED 和 aHEI 与糖尿病前期无关（比值比（OR）：1.19，95%置信区间（CI）：0.75-1.87； = 0.460 和 OR：1.32，95%CI：0.83-2.10； = 0.246）；然而，年龄（OR：1.04，95%CI：1.02-1.05； < 0.001）、血脂异常（OR：2.02，95%CI：1.27-3.22； = 0.003）和体重指数（BMI）（OR：1.09，95%CI：1.05-1.14； < 0.001）与糖尿病前期呈正相关。体力活动与较低的糖尿病前期发生率相关（OR：0.48，95%CI：0.31-0.72； = 0.001）。总之，与血糖正常组相比，糖尿病前期患者的饮食模式没有差异。然而，需要进一步研究这个问题。
