Department of Pediatrics, T 11-040, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 15;18(2):695. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18020695.
Nicotine and cannabis use are common among adolescents and may be associated with behavioral problems, poor academic outcomes and use disorders. The goals of this analysis were the following: (1) Describe the influence of friends' nicotine and cannabis smoking and vaping on self-reported use. (2) Describe the relationship between friends' nicotine and cannabis use on participants' urinary biomarkers of nicotine (cotinine) and cannabis (11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ⁸tetrahydrocannabinol=THC-COOH). This is a secondary analysis of survey and biomarker data collected in adolescents aged 12-21 between April 2017 and April 2018, in Long Island, New York. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted using SPSS 26. A cutoff value of ≥10 ng/mL was used to signify recent usage for urinary cotinine and THC-COOH levels. Over one-third of the 517 surveyed adolescents reported using tobacco and one-third reported using cannabis. A significant relationship between friends' substance use and self-use was found. For both tobacco and cannabis, over 90% ( < 0.01) of participants with urinary biomarker levels above cutoff had friends who used the respective substance. Friends' nicotine and friends' cannabis use were each independently associated with urinary biomarker levels for those substances (for nicotine, beta = 88.29, = 0.03; for cannabis, beta = 163.58, = 0.03). Friends' use of nicotine and cannabis is associated with adolescents' intake, as well as the physiological exposure to those substances. These findings underscore the importance of including peer influence in the discussion with adolescents about tobacco and cannabis use.
尼古丁和大麻在青少年中很常见，可能与行为问题、学业成绩不佳和使用障碍有关。本分析的目的如下：(1) 描述朋友吸烟和吸食大麻对自我报告使用的影响。(2) 描述朋友使用尼古丁和大麻与参与者尿液中尼古丁生物标志物(可替宁)和大麻生物标志物(11-去甲-9-羧基-Δ⁸-四氢大麻酚=THC-COOH)之间的关系。这是对 2017 年 4 月至 2018 年 4 月在纽约长岛 12-21 岁青少年中收集的调查和生物标志物数据的二次分析。使用 SPSS 26 进行了双变量和多变量分析。尿液可替宁和 THC-COOH 水平的最近使用的截断值为≥10ng/ml。在接受调查的 517 名青少年中，超过三分之一的人报告使用过烟草，超过三分之一的人报告使用过大麻。发现朋友的物质使用与自我使用之间存在显著关系。对于烟草和大麻，超过 90%(<0.01)尿液生物标志物水平超过临界值的参与者有使用各自物质的朋友。朋友的尼古丁和大麻使用与这些物质的尿液生物标志物水平独立相关(对于尼古丁，β=88.29，=0.03；对于大麻，β=163.58，=0.03)。朋友使用尼古丁和大麻与青少年摄入以及对这些物质的生理接触有关。这些发现强调了在与青少年讨论吸烟和大麻使用时，将同伴影响纳入讨论的重要性。
