乌干达3至14岁1型糖尿病儿童的照顾者的营养知识与饮食摄入情况
Caregivers' Nutrition Knowledge and Dietary Intake of Type 1 Diabetic Children Aged 3-14 Years in Uganda.
作者信息
Ndahura Nicholas Bari, Munga Judith, Kimiywe Judith, Mupere Ezekiel
机构信息
Department of Human Nutrition and Home Economics, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda.
Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
出版信息
Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021 Jan 14;14:127-137. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S285979. eCollection 2021.
PURPOSE
This study aimed to assess the association between caregiver's level of type 1 diabetes (T1D) nutrition knowledge with children's dietary diversity score (DDS), mean intake of macronutrients, nutrient adequacy ratios (NARs) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A cross-sectional analytical study design was used. The study was conducted at 6 diabetes clinics in Uganda among 59 caregivers and 61 children. T1D nutrition knowledge survey (NKS) was used to assess the caregiver's nutrition knowledge, and the 24-hour dietary recall and dietary diversity score (DDS) questionnaires were used to collect data on the child's dietary intake.
RESULTS
Majority (93.2%) of the caregivers had low T1D nutrition knowledge. Carbohydrate counting was the least performed nutrition knowledge domain. The children's mean DDS, calorie intake and MAR were 5.7 ± 1.6, 666.7 ± 639.8 kcal and 0.7 ± 0.3, respectively. The mean NARs of carbohydrate, protein, and fat were 0.9 ± 0.3, 0.9 ± 0.4, 0.5 ± 0.5, respectively. There was a significant association between DDS with NARs of carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamins A, B2, B3, B5, B12, folic acid, zinc and MAR. No formal education was significantly associated with a lower mean NKS score among caregivers ( = 0.039). Caregivers' T1D nutrition knowledge, age and family size explained 14% of variation in the child's dietary diversity ( = 0.041).
CONCLUSION
Despite poor nutrition knowledge among caregivers especially on carbohydrate counting, dietary diversity among children with T1D remained favorable. Excess carbohydrate intake was observed with inadequate intake of proteins, fats and micronutrients (vitamin A, B vitamins and calcium). Caregivers with low education were more likely to register poor nutrition knowledge; therefore, there is need to develop and tailor nutrition education programmes to enhance comprehensive learning among caregivers for improved outcomes.
目的
本研究旨在评估1型糖尿病（T1D）患儿照料者的营养知识水平与儿童饮食多样性得分（DDS）、宏量营养素平均摄入量、营养素充足率（NARs）及平均充足率（MAR）之间的关联。
研究设计与方法
采用横断面分析研究设计。该研究在乌干达的6家糖尿病诊所对59名照料者和61名儿童进行。使用T1D营养知识调查问卷（NKS）评估照料者的营养知识，并使用24小时饮食回顾和饮食多样性得分（DDS）问卷收集儿童饮食摄入数据。
结果
大多数（93.2%）照料者的T1D营养知识水平较低。碳水化合物计数是执行最少的营养知识领域。儿童的平均DDS、卡路里摄入量和MAR分别为5.7±1.6、666.7±639.8千卡和0.7±0.3。碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪的平均NARs分别为0.9±0.3、0.9±0.4、0.5±0.5。DDS与碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪、维生素A、B2、B3、B5、B12、叶酸、锌的NARs以及MAR之间存在显著关联。未接受正规教育与照料者较低的平均NKS得分显著相关（P = 0.039）。照料者的T1D营养知识、年龄和家庭规模解释了儿童饮食多样性14%的变异（P = 0.041）。
结论
尽管照料者的营养知识较差，尤其是在碳水化合物计数方面，但T1D患儿的饮食多样性仍然良好。观察到碳水化合物摄入过多，而蛋白质、脂肪和微量营养素（维生素A、B族维生素和钙）摄入不足。受教育程度低的照料者更有可能营养知识较差；因此，需要制定并量身定制营养教育计划，以加强照料者的全面学习，从而改善结果。
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