Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2021 May 1;130(5):1383-1397. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00764.2020. Epub 2021 Jan 21.
Many models of the body's gas stores have been generated for specific purposes. Here, we seek to produce a more general purpose model that: ) is relevant for both respiratory (CO and O) and inert gases; ) is based firmly on anatomy and not arbitrary compartments; ) can be scaled to individuals; and ) incorporates arterial and venous circulatory delays as well as tissue volumes so that it can reflect rapid transients with greater precision. First, a "standard man" of 11 compartments was produced, based on data compiled by the International Radiation Protection Commission. Each compartment was supplied via its own parallel circulation, the arterial and venous volumes of which were based on reported tissue blood volumes together with data from a detailed anatomical model for the large arteries and veins. A previously published model was used for the blood gas chemistry of CO and O. It was not permissible ethically to insert pulmonary artery catheters into healthy volunteers for model validation. Therefore, validation was undertaken by comparing model predictions with previously published data and by comparing model predictions with experimental data for transients in gas exchange at the mouth following changes in alveolar gas composition. Overall, model transients were fastest for O, intermediate for CO, and slowest for N. There was good agreement between model estimates and experimentally measured data. Potential applications of the model include estimation of closed-loop gain for the ventilatory chemoreflexes and improving the precision associated with multibreath washout testing and respiratory measurement of cardiac output. A model for the body gas stores has been generated that is applicable to both respiratory gases (CO and O) and inert gases. It is based on anatomical details for organ volumes and blood contents together with anatomical details of the large arteries. It can be scaled to the body size and composition of different individuals. The model enables mixed venous gas compositions to be predicted from the systemic arterial compositions.
许多人体气体储存模型是为特定目的而生成的。在这里，我们试图生成一个更通用的模型，该模型：) 与呼吸（CO 和 O）和惰性气体都相关；) 基于解剖结构而不是任意的隔室；) 可以按个体比例缩放；) 并包含动脉和静脉循环延迟以及组织容积，以便更精确地反映快速瞬变。首先，根据国际辐射防护委员会汇编的数据，生成了一个具有 11 个隔室的“标准男性”模型。每个隔室都通过自己的平行循环供应，其动静脉容积基于报告的组织血液量以及大动静脉详细解剖模型的数据。先前发表的模型用于 CO 和 O 的血气化学。出于伦理原因，不可能向健康志愿者插入肺动脉导管来验证模型。因此，通过将模型预测与先前发表的数据进行比较，并通过将模型预测与肺泡气组成变化后口腔气体交换的瞬变的实验数据进行比较来进行验证。总体而言，模型瞬变对于 O 最快，对于 CO 居中，对于 N 最慢。模型估计与实验测量数据之间存在良好的一致性。该模型的潜在应用包括估计通气化学感受器的闭环增益，以及提高多呼吸冲洗测试和呼吸心输出量测量的精度。已经生成了一个适用于呼吸气体（CO 和 O）和惰性气体的人体气体储存模型。它基于器官容积和血液含量的解剖细节以及大动脉的解剖细节。它可以按个体的体型和组成进行缩放。该模型能够从系统动脉组成预测混合静脉气体组成。
