Klimiuk Anna, Zalewska Anna, Knapp Małgorzata, Sawicki Robert, Ładny Jerzy Robert, Maciejczyk Mateusz
Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland.
Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland.
Biomolecules. 2021 Jan 18;11(1):119. doi: 10.3390/biom11010119.
Chronic heart failure (HF) is an important clinical, social, and economic problem. A key role in HF progression is played by oxidative stress. Free oxygen radicals, formed under the conditions of hypoxia and reperfusion, participate in myocardial stunning and other forms of post-reperfusion damage. HF patients also suffer from disorders connected with saliva secretion. However, still little is known about the mechanisms that impair the secretory function of salivary glands in these patients. In the presented study, we were the first to compare the antioxidant barrier, protein glycoxidation, and nitrosative/nitrative stress in non-stimulated (non-stimulated whole saliva (NWS)) and stimulated (SWS) saliva of HF patients. The study included 50 HF patients with normal saliva (NS) secretion ( = 27) and hyposalivation (HS) ( = 23), as well as an age- and gender-matched control group ( = 50). We demonstrated that, in NWS of HF patients with HS, the concentration of low-molecular-weight non-enzymatic antioxidants decreased (↓total polyphenols, ↓ascorbic acid, ↓reduced glutathione, ↓albumin) compared to HF patients with normal saliva (NS) secretion, as well as the control group (except albumin). We also observed increased content of protein glycoxidation products (↑dityrosine, ↑kynurenine, ↑glycophore) in NWS and SWS of HF patients with HS compared to healthy controls. Interestingly, the content of dityrosine, N-formylkynurenine, and glycophore in NWS was also significantly higher in HF patients with HS compared to those with NS secretion. The concentration of NO was considerably lower, while the levels of peroxynitrite and nitrotyrosine were significantly higher in NWS and SWS of HF subjects with HS compared to the controls. Salivary gland dysfunction occurs in patients with chronic HF with the submandibular salivary glands being the least efficient. Oxidative/nitrosative stress may be one of the mechanisms responsible for the impairment of salivary gland secretory function in HF patients.
慢性心力衰竭（HF）是一个重要的临床、社会和经济问题。氧化应激在HF进展中起关键作用。在缺氧和再灌注条件下形成的游离氧自由基参与心肌顿抑和其他形式的再灌注损伤。HF患者还存在与唾液分泌相关的紊乱。然而，对于这些患者中损害唾液腺分泌功能的机制仍知之甚少。在本研究中，我们首次比较了HF患者非刺激（非刺激全唾液（NWS））和刺激（SWS）唾液中的抗氧化屏障、蛋白质糖基化氧化以及亚硝化/硝化应激。该研究纳入了50名唾液分泌正常（NS）（n = 27）和唾液分泌减少（HS）（n = 23）的HF患者，以及一个年龄和性别匹配的对照组（n = 50）。我们证明，与唾液分泌正常（NS）的HF患者以及对照组（白蛋白除外）相比，HS的HF患者的NWS中低分子量非酶抗氧化剂的浓度降低（总多酚↓、抗坏血酸↓、还原型谷胱甘肽↓、白蛋白↓）。我们还观察到，与健康对照组相比，HS的HF患者的NWS和SWS中蛋白质糖基化氧化产物的含量增加（二酪氨酸↑、犬尿氨酸↑、糖基化产物↑）。有趣的是，与NS分泌的HF患者相比，HS的HF患者的NWS中二酪氨酸、N - 甲酰犬尿氨酸和糖基化产物的含量也显著更高。与对照组相比，HS的HF受试者的NWS和SWS中NO的浓度显著降低，而过氧亚硝酸盐和硝基酪氨酸的水平显著升高。慢性HF患者会出现唾液腺功能障碍，其中下颌下唾液腺效率最低。氧化/亚硝化应激可能是导致HF患者唾液腺分泌功能受损的机制之一。
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