Toyota Central R&D Labs, Nagakute, Japan.
Nat Nanotechnol. 2021 Feb;16(2):140-147. doi: 10.1038/s41565-020-00824-w. Epub 2021 Jan 21.
The past 30 years have seen progress in the development of Pt-based nanocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction, and some are now in production on a commercial basis and used for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) for automotives and other applications. Further improvements in catalytic activity are required for wider uptake of PEFCs, however. In laboratories, researchers have developed various catalysts that have much higher activities than commercial ones, and these state-of-the-art catalysts have potential to improve energy conversion efficiencies and reduce the usage of platinum in PEFCs. There are several technical issues that must be solved before they can be applied in fuel cell vehicles, which require a high power density and practical durability, as well as high efficiency. In this Review, the development history of Pt-based nanocatalysts and recent analytical studies are summarized to identify the origin of these technical issues. Promising strategies for overcoming those issues are also discussed.
过去 30 年来，Pt 基纳米催化剂在氧还原反应方面取得了进展，其中一些现已商业化并用于汽车等领域的聚合物电解质燃料电池（PEFC）。然而，为了更广泛地采用 PEFC，还需要进一步提高催化活性。在实验室中，研究人员已经开发出了各种比商业催化剂活性更高的催化剂，这些最先进的催化剂有可能提高能量转换效率并减少 PEFC 中铂的使用。在它们能够应用于燃料电池汽车之前，还必须解决一些技术问题，这些汽车需要高功率密度和实际耐久性，以及高效率。在这篇综述中，总结了 Pt 基纳米催化剂的发展历史和最近的分析研究，以确定这些技术问题的起源。还讨论了克服这些问题的有前景的策略。
