University of Maryland School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Atlanta, GA, USA.
J Psychosoc Oncol. 2021;39(2):143-160. doi: 10.1080/07347332.2020.1857897. Epub 2020 Dec 17.
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: There is much interest in screening for and treating psychosocial distress in cancer patients; however, little is known about if and how psychosocial services are provided for patients demonstrating significant levels of distress. Oncology social workers (OSWs) are the primary providers of psychosocial care for cancer patients and their families, yet there is no widely-used and empirically-validated instrument that captures the range of interventions provided by OSWs. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of the Oncology Social Work Intervention Index (OSWii), designed to measure interventions provided by OSWs, and the results of testing the instrument.
We conducted a content analysis of data collected by the Association of Oncology Social Work's Project to Assure Quality Cancer Care (APAQCC). We analyzed 3,194 responses from an open-ended question that described social work interventions following a distress screen. Five investigators coded the data in an iterative process to enhance instrument validity. The resulting instrument measuring OSWii was piloted with 38 oncology social workers across 156 individual cases.
OSWs who piloted the OSWii spent a majority of time (72%) engaging in clinical interventions. The user assessment revealed that data entry was rapid, the instrument was easy to use, and the content was relevant to the cancer treatment setting.
Using a standardized instrument that reflects OSWs' clinical interventions is critical for researchers to examine the impact of psychosocial interventions on patient outcomes. This index may also advance the translation of scientific findings into patient-centered psychosocial cancer care. This pilot test suggests that the OSWii is both scalable and useful.
背景/目的：人们对筛查和治疗癌症患者的心理困扰非常感兴趣；然而，对于表现出明显困扰水平的患者，心理社会服务是否以及如何提供，知之甚少。肿瘤社会工作者（OSW）是癌症患者及其家属心理社会护理的主要提供者，但没有广泛使用和经验验证的工具来捕捉 OSW 提供的干预措施范围。本文旨在描述开发肿瘤社会工作干预指数（OSWii）的目的，该指数旨在衡量 OSW 提供的干预措施，以及测试该工具的结果。
我们对协会肿瘤社会工作的保证癌症护理质量项目（APAQCC）收集的数据进行了内容分析。我们分析了对社会工作干预措施进行的 3194 次开放式回答，这些干预措施是在进行困扰筛查后进行的。五位调查员在一个迭代过程中对数据进行编码，以增强工具的有效性。该工具测量 OSWii 在 156 个个体病例中的 38 名肿瘤社会工作者中进行了试点。
试点 OSWii 的 OSW 花费了大部分时间（72%）进行临床干预。用户评估表明，数据输入速度快，仪器使用简单，内容与癌症治疗环境相关。
使用反映 OSW 临床干预的标准化工具对于研究人员研究心理社会干预对患者结果的影响至关重要。该指数还可以促进将科学发现转化为以患者为中心的癌症心理社会护理。该试点测试表明，OSWii 既具有可扩展性又有用。
