Da Miao, Jiang Hao, Xie Yangyang, Jin Weili, Han Shuwen
Department of Nursing, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Cancers of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
Onco Targets Ther. 2021 Jan 12;14:271-287. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S281175. eCollection 2021.
Although it has many treatment strategies, cancer is still one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can be secreted by almost all cells. Exosomes can encapsulate various types of molecules, including lipids, proteins, DNA, messenger RNAs, and non-coding RNAs [microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)]. Exosome release is a way of communication between cells. They act as powerful signaling molecules between cancer cells and the surrounding cells that make up the cancer microenvironment. lncRNAs are a class of non-coding P, with a length of more than 200 bp, which are differentially expressed in many cancers. lncRNAs have been widely regarded as a new medium for cancer behavior. The presence of lncRNAs in circulation can be acellular or encapsulated in exosomal bodies released by cancer cells. Exosomal lncRNAs are functional and can transmit different phenotypic patterns to neighboring cells. Here, we reviewed the molecular mechanism of exosomal lncRNAs in regulating cancer progression, angiogenesis, and chemotherapy resistance, as well as the prospective applications of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. These findings potentially promote the current understanding of exosomal lncRNAs and provide a new research direction for exosomal lncRNAs in cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
尽管癌症有多种治疗策略，但它仍是全球发病和死亡的最常见原因之一。外泌体是几乎所有细胞都能分泌的小细胞外囊泡（EVs）。外泌体可以包裹各种类型的分子，包括脂质、蛋白质、DNA、信使RNA和非编码RNA[微小RNA（miRNA）和长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）]。外泌体释放是细胞间通讯的一种方式。它们在癌细胞与构成癌症微环境的周围细胞之间充当强大的信号分子。lncRNA是一类非编码RNA，长度超过200bp，在许多癌症中存在差异表达。lncRNA已被广泛视为癌症行为的一种新介质。循环中lncRNA的存在可以是无细胞形式，也可以包裹在癌细胞释放的外泌体中。外泌体lncRNA具有功能，可以将不同的表型模式传递给邻近细胞。在此，我们综述了外泌体lncRNA在调节癌症进展、血管生成和化疗耐药性方面的分子机制，以及外泌体lncRNA在癌症诊断、治疗和预后中的潜在应用。这些发现可能会促进目前对外泌体lncRNA的理解，并为外泌体lncRNA在癌症预防、诊断和治疗方面提供新的研究方向。
