Horwitz Eva Bojner, Harmat László, Osika Walter, Theorell Töres
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Music, Pedagogy and Society, Royal College of Music, Stockholm, Sweden.
Front Psychol. 2021 Jan 6;11:618227. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.618227. eCollection 2020.
The purpose of the study is to explore a new research methodology that will improve our understanding of "flow" through indicators of physiological and qualitative state. We examine indicators of "flow" experienced by musicians of a youth string quartet, two women (25, 29) and two men (23, 24). Electrocardiogram (ECG) equipment was used to record heart rate variability (HRV) data throughout the four movements in one and the same quartet performed during two concerts. Individual physiological indicators of flow were supplemented by assessments of group "state flow" (means from standardized questionnaires) and a group interview in which the musicians provided qualitative data. A matrix was constructed for the characterization of different kinds of demands in the written music in each one of the four movements for each one of the musicians. HRV derived from ECG data showed non-significant trends for group state flow across the eight musical episodes. Individual-level analysis showed that compared to the other players the first violin player had the highest mean heart rate and the lowest increase in high frequency (HF) power in HRV during this particular movement, particularly during the second concert. The qualitative data illustrated how an interplay of synchronized social interactions between this player and their colleagues during the musical performance was associated with a feeling of group state flow and served to support the first violinist. The case illustrates that the proposed mixed methodology drawing on physiological and qualitative data, has the potential to provide meaningful information about experiences of a flow state, both at individual and group levels. Applications in future research are possible.
本研究的目的是探索一种新的研究方法，该方法将通过生理和定性状态指标来提高我们对“心流”的理解。我们考察了一个青年弦乐四重奏乐团成员的心流指标，该乐团由两名女性（25岁、29岁）和两名男性（23岁、24岁）组成。在两场音乐会中，使用心电图（ECG）设备记录了同一四重奏乐团在演奏的四个乐章中的心率变异性（HRV）数据。通过对团体“心流状态”（来自标准化问卷的均值）的评估以及一次团体访谈（音乐家在访谈中提供定性数据），对个体的心流生理指标进行了补充。针对每位音乐家，构建了一个矩阵，用于描述四个乐章中每个乐章书面音乐中的不同类型要求。从ECG数据得出的HRV显示，在八个音乐片段中，团体心流状态呈不显著趋势。个体层面的分析表明，与其他演奏者相比，在这一特定乐章中，尤其是在第二场音乐会期间，第一小提琴手的平均心率最高，HRV中高频（HF）功率的增加最低。定性数据说明了该演奏者与同事在音乐表演过程中同步社会互动的相互作用如何与团体心流状态的感觉相关联，并有助于支持第一小提琴手。该案例表明，所提出的结合生理和定性数据的混合方法，有可能在个体和团体层面提供有关心流状态体验的有意义信息。未来的研究有可能应用该方法。
