Kuo Tzu-Hsin, Chiao Chuan-Chin
Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
R Soc Open Sci. 2020 Dec 16;7(12):201602. doi: 10.1098/rsos.201602. eCollection 2020 Dec.
Decision-making, when humans and other animals choose between two options, is not always based on the absolute values of the options but can also depend on their relative values. The present study examines whether decision-making by cuttlefish is dependent on relative values learned from previous experience. Cuttlefish preferred a larger quantity when making a choice between one or two shrimps (1 versus 2) during a two-alternative forced choice. However, after cuttlefish were primed under conditions where they were given a small reward for choosing one shrimp in a no shrimp versus one shrimp test (0 versus 1) six times in a row, they chose one shrimp significantly more frequently in the 1 versus 2 test. This reversed preference for a smaller quantity was not due to satiation at the time of decision-making, as cuttlefish fed a small shrimp six times without any choice test prior to the experiment still preferred two shrimps significantly more often in a subsequent 1 versus 2 test. This suggests that the preference of one shrimp in the quantity comparison test occurs via a process of learned valuation. Foraging preference in cuttlefish thus depends on the relative value of previous prey choices.
当人类和其他动物在两个选项之间进行选择时，决策并不总是基于选项的绝对价值，也可能取决于它们的相对价值。本研究探讨了乌贼的决策是否依赖于从先前经验中学到的相对价值。在二选一强迫选择中，乌贼在一只虾和两只虾（1对2）之间进行选择时，更喜欢数量多的。然而，在乌贼连续六次在无虾与一只虾的测试（0对1）中因选择一只虾而得到小奖励的条件下进行启动后，它们在1对2的测试中显著更频繁地选择一只虾。这种对较小数量的反向偏好并非由于决策时的饱腹感，因为在实验前喂食六次小虾且没有任何选择测试的乌贼，在随后的1对2测试中仍然显著更常选择两只虾。这表明在数量比较测试中对一只虾的偏好是通过学习估值的过程产生的。因此，乌贼的觅食偏好取决于先前猎物选择的相对价值。
