Grenda Anna, Krawczyk Paweł
Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021 Feb;105(4):1395-1405. doi: 10.1007/s00253-021-11125-0. Epub 2021 Jan 25.
Currently, increasing attention cancer treatment has focused on molecularly targeted therapies and more recently on immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoints. However, even such advanced treatment may be ineffective. The reasons for this are sought, inter alia, in the human microbiome. In our intestines, there are bacteria that are beneficial to us, but pathogenic microorganisms may also be present. Microbial imbalance (dysbiosis) is now perceived as one of the gateways to cancer. However, it is feasible to use bacteria and their metabolites to restore the natural, beneficial microbiome during oncological treatment. Akkermansia mucinifila, Enterococcus hirae, or Faecalibacterium prausnitzii are bacteria that exhibit this beneficial potential. Greater benefits of therapy can be observed in cancer patients enriched in these bacterial species and treated with anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, or anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies. In this review, we present issues related to the role of bacteria in carcinogenesis and their therapeutic potential "supporting" modern anti-cancer therapies.Key Points• Bacteria can be directly or indirectly a cancer trigger.• Bacterial metabolites regulate the pathways associated with carcinogenesis.• Intestinal bacteria activate the immune system to fight cancer.
目前，癌症治疗越来越关注分子靶向疗法，最近又关注针对免疫检查点的免疫疗法。然而，即使是这样的先进治疗也可能无效。造成这种情况的原因，尤其是在人类微生物群中寻找。在我们的肠道中，有对我们有益的细菌，但也可能存在致病微生物。微生物失衡（生态失调）现在被视为癌症的途径之一。然而，在肿瘤治疗期间利用细菌及其代谢产物来恢复天然有益的微生物群是可行的。嗜黏蛋白阿克曼氏菌、海氏肠球菌或普拉梭菌是具有这种有益潜力的细菌。在富含这些细菌种类并接受抗PD-1、抗PD-L1或抗CTLA-4单克隆抗体治疗的癌症患者中，可以观察到更大的治疗益处。在这篇综述中，我们阐述了与细菌在致癌作用中的作用及其对现代抗癌疗法的“支持”治疗潜力相关的问题。要点• 细菌可以直接或间接引发癌症。• 细菌代谢产物调节与致癌作用相关的途径。• 肠道细菌激活免疫系统以对抗癌症。
