Minkler Sarah, Lucien Fabrice, Kimber Michael J, Sahoo Dipak K, Bourgois-Mochel Agnes, Musser Margaret, Johannes Chad, Frank Igor, Cheville John, Allenspach Karin, Mochel Jonathan P
SMART Translational Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1250, USA.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1250, USA.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Jan 23;13(3):422. doi: 10.3390/cancers13030422.
Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract in humans, with an estimated global prevalence of 1.1 million cases over 5 years. Because of its high rates of recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy, UBC is one of the most expensive cancers to treat, resulting in significant health care costs. The development of innovative molecular and cellular tools is necessary to refine patient stratification and help predict response to treatment. Urine is an underused resource of biological components shed from bladder tumors, such as exfoliated cells and extracellular vesicles, that could serve as molecular fingerprints and provide valuable biological insights into tumor phenotype and mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy. Additionally, characterization of urine-derived extracellular vesicles and cells could be used as reliable biomarkers for prediction of response to neoadjuvant therapy.
膀胱癌（UBC）是人类泌尿系统最常见的恶性肿瘤，据估计全球5年内的患病率为110万例。由于其高复发率和对化疗的耐药性，UBC是治疗费用最高的癌症之一，导致了高昂的医疗保健成本。开发创新的分子和细胞工具对于优化患者分层以及帮助预测治疗反应是必要的。尿液是膀胱肿瘤脱落的生物成分（如脱落细胞和细胞外囊泡）的未充分利用资源，这些成分可作为分子指纹，并为肿瘤表型和化疗耐药机制提供有价值的生物学见解。此外，尿液来源的细胞外囊泡和细胞的特征可作为预测新辅助治疗反应的可靠生物标志物。
