Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
Mol Aspects Med. 2023 Jun;91:101155. doi: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101155. Epub 2022 Nov 28.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from all cells in the body, forming an important intercellular communication network that contributes to health and disease. The contents of EVs are cell source-specific, inducing distinct signaling responses in recipient cells. The specificity of EVs and their accumulation in fluid spaces that are accessible for liquid biopsies make them highly attractive as potential biomarkers and therapies for disease. The duality of EVs as favorable (therapeutic) or unfavorable (pathological) messengers is context dependent and remains to be fully determined in homeostasis and various disease states. This review describes the use of EVs as biomarkers, drug delivery vehicles, and regenerative therapeutics, highlighting examples involving viral infections, cancer, and neurological diseases. There is growing interest to provide personalized therapy based on individual patient and disease characteristics. Increasing evidence suggests that EV biomarkers and therapeutic approaches are ideal for personalized medicine due to the diversity and multifunctionality of EVs.
细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 由体内所有细胞释放，形成一个重要的细胞间通讯网络，有助于维持健康和应对疾病。EVs 的内容物具有细胞来源特异性，在受体细胞中诱导不同的信号响应。EVs 的特异性及其在液体活检中可获取的液体空间中的积累，使它们成为极具吸引力的疾病潜在生物标志物和治疗方法。EVs 作为有利（治疗性）或不利（病理性）信使的双重性是依赖于上下文的，在体内平衡和各种疾病状态下仍有待完全确定。本综述描述了 EVs 作为生物标志物、药物传递载体和再生治疗的用途，重点介绍了涉及病毒感染、癌症和神经疾病的例子。人们越来越有兴趣根据个体患者和疾病特征提供个性化治疗。越来越多的证据表明，由于 EV 的多样性和多功能性，EV 生物标志物和治疗方法非常适合个性化医疗。
