Department of Health Sciences, Red Cross University College, 141 21 Huddinge, Sweden.
Division for Implementation and Treatment Research, Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, 0484 Oslo, Norway.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 23;18(3):1004. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18031004.
Asylum seekers are faced with high levels of post-migratory stress due to uncertainty and uncontrollability of the application process, resulting in higher levels of mental health problems. Little is known about the coping strategies utilized by asylum seekers in this context. Structural equation modeling and the stepwise modeling approach were utilized on cross-sectional data from a cohort of asylum seekers in Sweden (N = 455) to examine whether adaptive coping in the form of problem-focused and cognitive-based coping would buffer the impact of post-migratory stressors by moderating the relationship between the stressors and well-being. Fit indices showed good to excellent fit of the final model that regressed well-being on selected post-migratory stressors and coping (CFI = 0.964, RMSEA = 0.043 (90% CI = 0.035-0.051), SRMR = 0.044). Well-being was negatively and significantly regressed on both perceived discrimination (B = -0.42, SE = 0.11, < 0.001) and distressing family conflicts (B = -0.16, SE = 0.07, = 0.037), and positively and significantly regressed on cognitive restructuring (B = 0.71, SE = 0.33, = 0.030). There was, however, no evidence that coping strategies modified the adverse associations between the two post-migratory stressors and well-being. Interventions and policies should prioritize improving contextual factors inherent in the asylum-seeking process in order to reduce stress and enable coping.
寻求庇护者在移民后面临着高水平的压力，这是由于申请过程的不确定性和不可控性，导致心理健康问题的水平更高。对于寻求庇护者在这种情况下使用的应对策略，人们知之甚少。在瑞典的一个寻求庇护者队列的横断面数据中，利用结构方程模型和逐步建模方法，检验以问题为导向和认知为基础的适应性应对策略是否通过调节压力源与幸福感之间的关系来缓冲移民后压力源的影响。拟合指数表明，最终模型对幸福感回归选定的移民后压力源和应对方式的拟合良好，适配度指数为 0.964，RMSEA 为 0.043（90%CI=0.035-0.051），SRMR 为 0.044。幸福感与感知歧视（B=-0.42，SE=0.11，<0.001）和困扰家庭冲突（B=-0.16，SE=0.07，=0.037）呈显著负相关，与认知重构（B=0.71，SE=0.33，=0.030）呈显著正相关。然而，没有证据表明应对策略改变了这两个移民后压力源与幸福感之间的不利关联。干预措施和政策应优先考虑改善庇护申请过程中固有的环境因素，以减轻压力并促进应对。
