Dabravolski Siarhei A, Isayenkov Stanislav V
Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine [UO VGAVM], 21002 Vitebsk, Belarus.
International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Jan 24;10(2):221. doi: 10.3390/plants10020221.
Soil salinity is one of the major factors obstructing the growth and development of agricultural crops. Eukaryotes have two main transport systems involved in active Na removal: cation/H antiporters and Na-P-type ATPases. Key transport proteins, Na/K-P-ATPases, are widely distributed among the different taxa families of pumps which are responsible for keeping cytosolic Na concentrations below toxic levels. Na/K-P-ATPases are considered to be absent in flowering plants. The data presented here are a complete inventory of P-type Na/K-P-ATPases in the major branches of the plant kingdom. We also attempt to elucidate the evolution of these important membrane pumps in plants in comparison with other organisms. We were able to observe the gradual replacement of the Na+-binding site to the Ca-binding site, starting with cyanobacteria and moving to modern land plants. Our results show that the α-subunit likely evolved from one common ancestor to bacteria, fungi, plants, and mammals, whereas the β-subunit did not evolve in green algae. In conclusion, our results strongly suggest the significant differences in the domain architecture and subunit composition of plant Na/K-P-ATPases depending on plant taxa and the salinity of the environment. The obtained data clarified and broadened the current views on the evolution of Na/K-P-ATPases. The results of this work would be helpful for further research on P-type ATPase functionality and physiological roles.
土壤盐渍化是阻碍农作物生长发育的主要因素之一。真核生物有两种主要的主动排钠转运系统：阳离子/氢离子反向转运蛋白和钠-P型ATP酶。关键转运蛋白钠/钾-P-ATP酶广泛分布于不同类群的泵家族中，负责将细胞质钠浓度维持在毒性水平以下。开花植物中被认为不存在钠/钾-P-ATP酶。本文提供的数据是植物界主要分支中P型钠/钾-P-ATP酶的完整清单。我们还试图通过与其他生物比较来阐明这些重要膜泵在植物中的进化。我们能够观察到从蓝细菌到现代陆地植物，钠结合位点逐渐被钙结合位点取代。我们的结果表明，α亚基可能从一个共同祖先进化而来，存在于细菌、真菌、植物和哺乳动物中，而β亚基在绿藻中未进化。总之，我们的结果有力地表明，植物钠/钾-P-ATP酶的结构域结构和亚基组成因植物类群和环境盐度而异。所获得的数据澄清并拓宽了目前对钠/钾-P-ATP酶进化的认识。这项工作的结果将有助于进一步研究P型ATP酶的功能和生理作用。
