糖萼：血管功能的中央调节者。
The glycocalyx: a central regulator of vascular function.
机构信息
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.
出版信息
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2021 Apr 1;320(4):R508-R518. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00340.2020. Epub 2021 Jan 27.
The endothelial glycocalyx is a specialized extracellular matrix that covers the apical side of vascular endothelial cells, projecting into the lumen of blood vessels. The composition of the glycocalyx has been studied in great detail, and it is known to be composed of a mixture of proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, and glycoproteins. Although this structure was once believed to be a passive physical barrier, it is now recognized as a multifunctional and dynamic structure that participates in many vascular processes, including but not limited to vascular permeability, inflammation, thrombosis, mechanotransduction, and cytokine signaling. Because of its participation in many physiological and pathophysiological states, comprehensive knowledge of the glycocalyx will aid future vascular biologists in their research. With that in mind, this review discusses the biochemical structure of the glycocalyx and its function in many vascular physiological processes. We also briefly review a more recent discovery in glycocalyx biology, the placental glycocalyx.
内皮糖萼是一种覆盖血管内皮细胞顶侧并突入血管腔的特殊细胞外基质。糖萼的组成已经被详细研究，已知它由混合的蛋白聚糖、糖胺聚糖和糖蛋白组成。尽管这个结构曾经被认为是一个被动的物理屏障，但现在它被认为是一个多功能和动态的结构，参与许多血管过程，包括但不限于血管通透性、炎症、血栓形成、力学转导和细胞因子信号转导。由于它参与了许多生理和病理生理状态，对糖萼的全面了解将有助于未来的血管生物学家进行研究。有鉴于此，本综述讨论了糖萼的生化结构及其在许多血管生理过程中的功能。我们还简要回顾了糖萼生物学的一个最新发现，即胎盘糖萼。
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