Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.
Nat Commun. 2021 Jan 27;12(1):603. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-20934-w.
Two-dimensional (2D) growth-induced 3D shaping enables shape-morphing materials for diverse applications. However, quantitative design of 2D growth for arbitrary 3D shapes remains challenging. Here we show a 2D material programming approach for 3D shaping, which prints hydrogel sheets encoded with spatially controlled in-plane growth (contraction) and transforms them to programmed 3D structures. We design 2D growth for target 3D shapes via conformal flattening. We introduce the concept of cone singularities to increase the accessible space of 3D shapes. For active shape selection, we encode shape-guiding modules in growth that direct shape morphing toward target shapes among isometric configurations. Our flexible 2D printing process enables the formation of multimaterial 3D structures. We demonstrate the ability to create 3D structures with a variety of morphologies, including automobiles, batoid fish, and real human face.
二维（2D）生长诱导的 3D 成型使形状变形材料能够应用于各种领域。然而，对任意 3D 形状的 2D 生长进行定量设计仍然具有挑战性。在这里，我们展示了一种用于 3D 成型的 2D 材料编程方法，该方法可以打印编码有空间控制面内生长（收缩）的水凝胶片，并将其转化为编程的 3D 结构。我们通过保形展开来为目标 3D 形状设计 2D 生长。我们引入了锥奇点的概念，以增加 3D 形状的可访问空间。对于主动形状选择，我们在生长中编码形状引导模块，以将形状变形引导到等距配置中的目标形状。我们灵活的 2D 打印工艺能够形成多种材料的 3D 结构。我们展示了创建具有各种形态的 3D 结构的能力，包括汽车、板鳃鱼类和真实人脸。
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