Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
Paperdrop Diagnostics, Av. de Can Domènech s/n, Eureka Building, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 27;11(1):2375. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-81677-8.
Glutathione (GSH) is a useful biomarker in the development, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. However, most of the reported GSH biosensors are expensive, time-consuming and often require complex sample treatment, which limit its biological applications. Herein, a nanobiosensor for the detection of GSH using folic acid-functionalized reduced graphene oxide-modified BSA gold nanoclusters (FA-rGO-BSA/AuNCs) based on the fluorescence quenching interactions is presented. Firstly, a facile and optimized protocol for the fabrication of BSA/AuNCs is developed. Functionalization of rGO with folic acid is performed using EDC/NHS cross-linking reagents, and their interaction after loading with BSA/AuNCs is demonstrated. The formation of FA-rGO, BSA/AuNCs and FA-rGO-BSA/AuNCs are confirmed by the state-of-art characterization techniques. Finally, a fluorescence turn-off sensing strategy is developed using the as-synthesized FA-rGO-BSA/AuNCs for the detection of GSH. The nanobiosensor revealed an excellent sensing performance for the detection of GSH with high sensitivity and desirable selectivity over other potential interfering species. The fluorescence quenching is linearly proportional to the concentration of GSH between 0 and 1.75 µM, with a limit of detection of 0.1 µM under the physiological pH conditions (pH 7.4). Such a sensitive nanobiosensor paves the way to fabricate a "turn-on" or "turn-off" fluorescent sensor for important biomarkers in cancer cells, presenting potential nanotheranostic applications in biological detection and clinical diagnosis.
谷胱甘肽（GSH）是癌症发展、诊断和治疗的有用生物标志物。然而，大多数报道的 GSH 生物传感器都很昂贵、耗时，并且通常需要复杂的样品处理，这限制了其在生物中的应用。在此，提出了一种基于叶酸功能化还原氧化石墨烯修饰牛血清白蛋白金纳米簇（FA-rGO-BSA/AuNCs）荧光猝灭相互作用用于检测 GSH 的纳米生物传感器。首先，开发了一种简便优化的制备 BSA/AuNCs 的方案。使用 EDC/NHS 交联试剂对 rGO 进行功能化，并且证明了在负载 BSA/AuNCs 后它们的相互作用。通过最先进的表征技术证实了 FA-rGO、BSA/AuNCs 和 FA-rGO-BSA/AuNCs 的形成。最后，使用合成的 FA-rGO-BSA/AuNCs 开发了荧光关闭传感策略，用于检测 GSH。该纳米生物传感器对 GSH 的检测具有出色的传感性能，具有高灵敏度和对其他潜在干扰物质的理想选择性。荧光猝灭与 GSH 的浓度在 0 至 1.75 μM 之间呈线性关系，在生理 pH 条件（pH 7.4）下检测限为 0.1 μM。这种灵敏的纳米生物传感器为在癌细胞中制造用于重要生物标志物的“开启”或“关闭”荧光传感器铺平了道路，在生物检测和临床诊断中具有潜在的纳米治疗应用。
