Virdin J, Vegh T, Jouffray J-B, Blasiak R, Mason S, Österblom H, Vermeer D, Wachtmeister H, Werner N
Duke University Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions, Durham, NC, USA.
Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Sci Adv. 2021 Jan 13;7(3). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abc8041. Print 2021 Jan.
The ocean economy is growing as commercial use of the ocean accelerates, while progress toward achieving international goals for ocean conservation and sustainability is lagging. In this context, the private sector is increasingly recognized as having the capacity to hamper efforts to achieve aspirations of sustainable ocean-based development or alternatively to bend current trajectories of ocean use by taking on the mantle of corporate biosphere stewardship. Here, we identify levels of industry concentration to assess where this capacity rests. We show that the 10 largest companies in eight core ocean economy industries generate, on average, 45% of each industry's total revenues. Aggregating across all eight industries, the 100 largest corporations (the "Ocean 100") account for 60% of total revenues. This level of concentration in the ocean economy presents both risks and opportunities for ensuring sustainability and equity of global ocean use.
随着海洋商业利用速度加快，海洋经济不断增长，而在实现海洋保护和可持续发展的国际目标方面进展滞后。在此背景下，私营部门越来越被认为有能力阻碍实现可持续海洋发展愿望的努力，或者通过承担企业生物圈管理的职责来改变当前海洋利用轨迹。在此，我们确定产业集中度水平以评估这种能力所在。我们发现，八个核心海洋经济产业中的十大公司平均创造了各产业总收入的45%。将所有八个产业汇总来看，100家最大公司（“海洋100强”）占总收入的60%。海洋经济中的这种集中度水平给确保全球海洋利用的可持续性和公平性带来了风险和机遇。
