Saag Lehti, Vasilyev Sergey V, Varul Liivi, Kosorukova Natalia V, Gerasimov Dmitri V, Oshibkina Svetlana V, Griffith Samuel J, Solnik Anu, Saag Lauri, D'Atanasio Eugenia, Metspalu Ene, Reidla Maere, Rootsi Siiri, Kivisild Toomas, Scheib Christiana Lyn, Tambets Kristiina, Kriiska Aivar, Metspalu Mait
Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
Sci Adv. 2021 Jan 20;7(4). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abd6535. Print 2021 Jan.
The transition from Stone to Bronze Age in Central and Western Europe was a period of major population movements originating from the Ponto-Caspian Steppe. Here, we report new genome-wide sequence data from 30 individuals north of this area, from the understudied western part of present-day Russia, including 3 Stone Age hunter-gatherers (10,800 to 4250 cal BCE) and 26 Bronze Age farmers from the Corded Ware complex Fatyanovo Culture (2900 to 2050 cal BCE). We show that Eastern hunter-gatherer ancestry was present in northwestern Russia already from around 10,000 BCE. Furthermore, we see a change in ancestry with the arrival of farming-Fatyanovo Culture individuals were genetically similar to other Corded Ware cultures, carrying a mixture of Steppe and European early farmer ancestry. Thus, they likely originate from a fast migration toward the northeast from somewhere near modern-day Ukraine-the closest area where these ancestries coexisted from around 3000 BCE.
中欧和西欧从石器时代向青铜时代的过渡是一个人口大规模迁移的时期，这些迁移源自 Pontic-Caspian 草原。在此，我们报告了该区域以北 30 个人的新全基因组序列数据，这些数据来自当今俄罗斯未被充分研究的西部地区，包括 3 名石器时代的狩猎采集者（公元前 10800 年至公元前 4250 年）和 26 名来自绳纹陶文化 Fatyanovo 文化的青铜时代农民（公元前 2900 年至公元前 2050 年）。我们表明，早在公元前 10000 年左右，俄罗斯西北部就已存在东部狩猎采集者的血统。此外，随着农耕的到来，血统发生了变化——Fatyanovo 文化的个体在基因上与其他绳纹陶文化相似，携带了草原和欧洲早期农民血统的混合。因此，他们可能是从现代乌克兰附近的某个地方快速向东北迁移而来的，现代乌克兰是自公元前 3000 年左右起这些血统共存的最接近区域。
