Zhao Chao, Wang Lihua, Ma Guangming, Jiang Xin, Yang Jinshan, Lv Jingyi, Zhang Yonggen
College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Jan 28;11(2):334. doi: 10.3390/ani11020334.
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and cellulase (CE) on the fermentation quality, rumen degradation rate and bacterial community of mixed silage of soybean residue (SR) and corn stover (CS). The experiment adopted a single-factor experimental design. Four treatment groups were set up: the control group (CON), lactic acid bacteria treatment group (LAB), cellulase treatment group (CE) and lactic acid bacteria + cellulase treatment group (LAB + CE). Among them, the amount of added LAB was 1 × 10 CFU/g, and the amount of added CE was 100 U/g. After 56 days of mixed silage, samples were taken and analyzed, and the chemical composition, fermentation quality, rumen degradation rate and microbial diversity were determined. The results showed that the pH of each treatment group was significantly ( < 0.05) lower than that of CON, while the lactic acid and ammoniacal nitrogen contents of each treatment group were significantly higher than that of CON, with the highest contents in the LAB + CE group. The contents of DNFom (Ash-free NDF), ADFom (Ash-free ADF) and DM in the LAB + CE group were significantly lower than those in the CON group, while the content of crude protein (CP) was significantly higher than that in the CON group. The in situ effective degradation rates of DM (ISDMD), DNF (ISNDFD) and CP (ISCPD) were all significantly ( < 0.05) higher in each treatment group than in the control group. The results of principal component analysis showed that the bacterial composition of the LAB, CE and LAB + CE groups was significantly different from that of the CON group ( < 0.05). Bacterial genus level analysis showed that the content of lactic acid bacteria was significantly higher in the LAB + CE group than in the other treatment groups ( < 0.05), while the content of undesirable bacteria was significantly lower than in the other treatment groups. The results showed that the addition of Lactobacillus and/or cellulase in mixed silage of SR and CS could effectively improve the quality of mixed silage fermentation, rumen degradation rate and microbial diversity, with better results when Lactobacillus and cellulase were added together, which provides new ideas for better application of SR and CS in dairy production.
本实验的目的是研究乳酸菌（LAB）和纤维素酶（CE）对大豆残渣（SR）和玉米秸秆（CS）混合青贮饲料发酵品质、瘤胃降解率及细菌群落的影响。实验采用单因素实验设计。设置了四个处理组：对照组（CON）、乳酸菌处理组（LAB）、纤维素酶处理组（CE）和乳酸菌+纤维素酶处理组（LAB + CE）。其中，LAB添加量为1×10 CFU/g，CE添加量为100 U/g。混合青贮56天后，取样分析，测定其化学成分、发酵品质、瘤胃降解率及微生物多样性。结果表明，各处理组的pH均显著（<0.05）低于CON组，而各处理组的乳酸和氨态氮含量均显著高于CON组，其中LAB + CE组含量最高。LAB + CE组的中性洗涤纤维（NDFom，无灰NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADFom，无灰ADF）和干物质（DM）含量均显著低于CON组，而粗蛋白（CP）含量显著高于CON组。各处理组的干物质原位有效降解率（ISDMD）、中性洗涤纤维（ISNDFD）和粗蛋白（ISCPD）均显著（<0.05）高于对照组。主成分分析结果表明，LAB组、CE组和LAB + CE组的细菌组成与CON组显著不同（<0.05）。细菌属水平分析表明，LAB + CE组的乳酸菌含量显著高于其他处理组（<0.05），而有害菌含量显著低于其他处理组。结果表明，在SR和CS混合青贮中添加乳酸菌和/或纤维素酶可有效提高混合青贮发酵品质、瘤胃降解率及微生物多样性，乳酸菌和纤维素酶同时添加效果更佳，为SR和CS在奶牛生产中的更好应用提供了新思路。
