University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, India.
School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla University, Raipur, India.
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2021 Aug;41(5):767-791. doi: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1874279. Epub 2021 Feb 2.
Globalization of the food trade requires precise and exact information about the origin, methods of production, transformation technologies, authentication, and the traceability of foodstuffs. New challenges in food supply chains such as deliberate fraudulent substitution, tampering or mislabeling of food and its ingredients or food packaging incapacitates the market and eventually the national economy. Currently, no proper standards have been established for the authentication of most of the food materials. However, in order to control food fraud, various robust and cost-effective technologies have been employed, like a spectrophotometer, GC-MS, HPLC, and DNA barcoding. Among these techniques, DNA barcoding is a biotechnology advantage with the principle of using 400-800 bp long standardized unique DNA sequences of mitochondrial (e.g. ) or plastidial (e.g. ) of nuclear origin (e.g. ) to analyze and classify the food commodities. This review covers several traded food commodities like legumes, seafood, oils, herbal products, spices, fruits, cereals, meat, and their unique barcodes which are critically analyzed to detect adulteration or fraud. DNA barcoding is a global initiative and it is being accepted as a global standard/marker for species identification or authentication. The research laboratories and industries should collaborate to realize its potential in setting standards for quality assurance, quality control, and food safety for different food products.
食品贸易的全球化要求关于起源、生产方法、转化技术、认证和食品可追溯性的准确信息。食品供应链中的新挑战，如故意欺诈性替代、篡改或错误标记食品及其成分或食品包装，会使市场瘫痪，最终使国家经济瘫痪。目前，大多数食品原料的认证还没有制定适当的标准。然而，为了控制食品欺诈，已经采用了各种强大且具有成本效益的技术，如分光光度计、GC-MS、HPLC 和 DNA 条形码。在这些技术中，DNA 条形码是一种生物技术优势，其原理是使用 400-800bp 长的线粒体（例如）或质体（例如）或核起源（例如）的标准化独特 DNA 序列来分析和分类食品商品。这篇综述涵盖了几种贸易食品，如豆类、海鲜、油、草药产品、香料、水果、谷物、肉类及其独特的条形码，这些条形码经过严格分析，以检测掺假或欺诈。DNA 条形码是一项全球性倡议，它被接受为物种鉴定或认证的全球标准/标记。研究实验室和行业应该合作，以实现其在为不同食品产品建立质量保证、质量控制和食品安全标准方面的潜力。
