Donia Ahmed F, Mortada Wael I
Nephrology Unit, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
Heliyon. 2021 Jan 21;7(1):e06038. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06038. eCollection 2021 Jan.
Studies conducted on the chemical composition of Zamzam water are conflicting especially for arsenic. Therefore, the aim of our study is to study the composition of tap and bottled Zamzam water and to compare its quality according to international guidelines of drinking water. Six Zamzam tap water samples as well as one bottled sample were analyzed according to standard methods (APHA) for their chemical constituents (pH, TDS, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Mn, Al, As, Cl, SO , HCO and PO ). The results were compared to guidelines of WHO and EPA for quality of drinking water. All analyzed parameters were below the maximum allowable limits (MAL) of WHO and EPA (˃0.05), with the exception of TDS. The average values of TDS (814 mg L in tap zamzam water samples and 812 mg L in bottled sample) were below the MAL of WHO (1000 mg L) but exceeded the limit that defined by EPA as a non-enforceable guidelines (500 mg L) (˂0.05). Compared to the collected tap zamzam water samples, bottled sample had significantly lower levels of Na, PO (˂0.05) and Cu (˂0.01). The study concluded that Zamzam water has acceptable chemical composition including arsenic, except for TDS that exceeds the high non-enforceable accepted limit according to EPA.
关于渗渗泉水化学成分的研究结果相互矛盾，尤其是在砷含量方面。因此，我们研究的目的是分析自来水和瓶装渗渗泉水中的成分，并根据国际饮用水标准比较其水质。按照标准方法（美国公共卫生协会）对6份渗渗泉自来水样本和1份瓶装水样本进行化学成分（pH值、总溶解固体、钠、钾、镁、钙、铁、铜、锌、镉、铅、锰、铝、砷、氯、硫酸根、碳酸氢根和磷酸根）分析。将结果与世界卫生组织（WHO）和美国环境保护局（EPA）的饮用水质量标准进行比较。除总溶解固体外，所有分析参数均低于WHO和EPA的最大允许限值（MAL）（>0.05）。总溶解固体的平均值（渗渗泉自来水样本中为814mg/L，瓶装样本中为812mg/L）低于WHO的MAL（1000mg/L），但超过了EPA定义的非强制性指导限值（500mg/L）（<0.05）。与采集的渗渗泉自来水样本相比，瓶装样本中的钠、磷酸根（<0.05）和铜（<0.01）含量显著较低。该研究得出结论，渗渗泉水的化学成分（包括砷）是可接受的，但总溶解固体含量超过了EPA规定的较高非强制性认可限值。
