亚麻药用植物全面综述：其植物化学、药理学和民族医学用途。
A Comprehensive Review on Linum usitatissimum Medicinal Plant: Its Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Ethnomedicinal Uses.
机构信息
Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science & Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh.
Molecular Modeling Drug-Design and Discovery Laboratory, Pharmacology Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories Chattogram, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chattogram, Bangladesh.
出版信息
Mini Rev Med Chem. 2021;21(18):2801-2834. doi: 10.2174/1389557521666210203153436.
BACKGROUND
Linum usitatissimum or flax has been broadly utilized in numerous milieus worldwide as a primeval medicinal plant because of its health benefits in diverse types of diseases.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this review is to assemble the latest information on the botanical description, distribution, conventional uses, and biochemical constituents, along with the pharmacological activities and toxicity of flax.
METHODS
For this purpose, data on Linum was accumulated from scientific journals, books, and worldwide acknowledged scientific databases via a library and electronic search.
RESULTS
Phytochemical analysis showed that the major chemical constituents of L. usitatissimum are ω-3 fatty acid, phytoestrogenic-lignans (secoisolariciresinol diglucoside-SDG), phenols, flavonoids, sterols, proteins, antioxidants as well as various soluble and insoluble fibres. Among them, secoisolariciresinol diglucosides (SDG) are the major bioactive compounds of L. usitatissimum with prospective pharmacological accomplishments. Pure compounds and crude extracts isolated from L. usitatissimum exhibited significant anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, anti-diarrheal, anti-malarial, hepato-protective, reno-protective, immunosuppressive, antiarrhythmic, and cognitive effects. Studies indicated that the toxicological effect from the consumption of flaxseed is because of its cyanogenic glycosides, linatine, and cadmium, but the level does not seem to be adequately concentrated to contribute to any physiological impact.
CONCLUSIONS
Further studies are expected to comprehend the detailed mode of action of its dynamic constituents as potent therapeutics and to completely reveal its preventive and healing potentials.
背景
亚麻（Linum usitatissimum）作为一种原始药用植物，在世界范围内的许多环境中得到了广泛应用，因为它对多种疾病都有健康益处。
目的
本综述的目的是收集有关亚麻的植物描述、分布、传统用途以及生物化学成分的最新信息，以及其药理学活性和毒性。
方法
为此，通过图书馆和电子搜索，从科学期刊、书籍和全球公认的科学数据库中收集有关亚麻的数据。
结果
植物化学分析表明，亚麻的主要化学成分是 ω-3 脂肪酸、植物雌激素木脂素（开环异落叶松脂二葡萄糖苷-SDG）、酚类、类黄酮、甾醇、蛋白质、抗氧化剂以及各种可溶性和不溶性纤维。其中，开环异落叶松脂二葡萄糖苷（SDG）是亚麻的主要生物活性化合物，具有潜在的药理学成就。从亚麻中分离出的纯化合物和粗提取物表现出显著的抗癌、抗氧化、抗微生物、抗炎、抗肥胖、抗糖尿病、抗腹泻、抗疟疾、保肝、肾保护、免疫抑制、抗心律失常和认知作用。研究表明，亚麻种子的毒性作用是由于其氰苷、亚麻氨酸和镉，但水平似乎没有足够集中，不会对任何生理产生影响。
结论
预计进一步的研究将有助于理解其有效成分的详细作用机制，并充分揭示其预防和治疗潜力。
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