Foroughi Firoozeh, Rezvani Ghomi Erfan, Morshedi Dehaghi Fatemeh, Borayek Ramadan, Ramakrishna Seeram
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore.
Materials (Basel). 2021 Feb 3;14(4):714. doi: 10.3390/ma14040714.
The huge plastic production and plastic pollution are considered important global issues due to environmental aspects. One practical and efficient way to address them is to replace fossil-based plastics with natural-based materials, such as cellulose. The applications of different cellulose products have recently received increasing attention because of their desirable properties, such as biodegradability and sustainability. In this regard, the current study initially reviews cellulose products' properties in three categories, including biopolymers based on the cellulose-derived monomer, cellulose fibers and their derivatives, and nanocellulose. The available life cycle assessments (LCA) for cellulose were comprehensively reviewed and classified at all the stages, including extraction of cellulose in various forms, manufacturing, usage, and disposal. Finally, due to the development of low-carbon materials in recent years and the importance of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, the proposed solutions to make cellulose a low carbon material were made. The optimization of the cellulose production process, such as the recovery of excessive solvents and using by-products as inputs for other processes, seem to be the most important step toward making it a low carbon material.
由于环境因素，巨大的塑料生产和塑料污染被视为重要的全球问题。解决这些问题的一种切实有效的方法是用天然材料（如纤维素）替代化石基塑料。不同纤维素产品的应用近来因其诸如生物可降解性和可持续性等理想特性而受到越来越多的关注。在这方面，当前的研究首先从三类纤维素产品的特性进行综述，包括基于纤维素衍生单体的生物聚合物、纤维素纤维及其衍生物以及纳米纤维素。对纤维素在所有阶段（包括各种形式纤维素的提取、制造、使用和处置）的现有生命周期评估（LCA）进行了全面综述和分类。最后，鉴于近年来低碳材料的发展以及温室气体（GHG）排放的重要性，提出了使纤维素成为低碳材料的解决方案。纤维素生产工艺的优化，如回收过量溶剂以及将副产品用作其他工艺的原料，似乎是使其成为低碳材料的最重要步骤。
