Keye Shelby A, Walk Anne M, Cannavale Corinne N, Iwinski Samantha, McLoughlin Gabriella M, Steinberg Linda G, Khan Naiman A
Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Department of Psychology, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920, USA.
J Clin Med. 2021 Feb 4;10(4):584. doi: 10.3390/jcm10040584.
This study investigated the relationship between six-minute walking test (6MWT) distance walked and preschool-aged children's academic abilities, and behavioral and event-related potentials (ERP) indices of cognitive control. There were 59 children (25 females; age: 5.0 ± 0.6 years) who completed a 6MWT (mean distance: 449.6 ± 82.0 m) to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness. The Woodcock Johnson Early Cognitive and Academic Development Test evaluated academic abilities. A modified Eriksen flanker, hearts and flowers task, and auditory oddball task eliciting ERPs (N2, P3) assessed cognitive control. After adjusting for adiposity, diet, and demographics, linear regressions resulted in positive relationships between 6MWT distance and General Intellectual Ability (β = 0.25, Adj R = 0.04, = 0.04) and Expressive Language (β = 0.30, Adj R = 0.13, = 0.02). 6MWT distance was positively correlated with congruent accuracy (β = 0.29, Adj R = 0.18, < 0.01) and negatively with incongruent reaction time (β = -0.26, Adj R = 0.05, = 0.04) during the flanker task, and positively with homogeneous (β = 0.23, Adj R = 0.21, = 0.04) and heterogeneous (β = 0.26, Adj R = 0.40, = 0.02) accuracy on the hearts and flowers task. Higher fit children showed faster N2 latencies and greater P3 amplitudes to target stimuli; however, these were at the trend level following the adjustment of covariates. These findings indicate that the positive influence of cardiorespiratory fitness on cognitive function is evident in 4-6-year-olds.
本研究调查了六岁以下儿童六分钟步行测试（6MWT）的步行距离与学术能力、行为以及认知控制的事件相关电位（ERP）指标之间的关系。共有59名儿童（25名女性；年龄：5.0±0.6岁）完成了6MWT（平均距离：449.6±82.0米）以评估心肺适能。伍德科克-约翰逊早期认知与学术发展测试评估学术能力。通过改良的埃里克森侧翼任务、心形与花朵任务以及引发ERP（N2、P3）的听觉Oddball任务来评估认知控制。在对肥胖、饮食和人口统计学因素进行调整后，线性回归结果显示6MWT距离与一般智力能力（β = 0.25，调整后R = 0.04，P = 0.04）以及表达性语言（β = 0.30，调整后R = 0.13，P = 0.02）之间存在正相关关系。在侧翼任务中，6MWT距离与一致准确性呈正相关（β = 0.29，调整后R = 0.18，P < 0.01），与不一致反应时间呈负相关（β = -0.26，调整后R = 0.05，P = 0.04）；在心形与花朵任务中，6MWT距离与同质性（β = 0.23，调整后R = 0.21，P = 0.04）和异质性（β = 0.26，调整后R = 0.40，P = 0.02）准确性呈正相关。身体状况较好的儿童对目标刺激表现出更快的N2潜伏期和更大的P3波幅；然而，在对协变量进行调整后，这些结果仅处于趋势水平。这些发现表明，心肺适能对认知功能的积极影响在4至6岁儿童中是明显的。
