Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA.
Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Sci Rep. 2022 Apr 29;12(1):7059. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11161-4.
This study investigated the associations of non-aerobic fitness (NAF) and motor competence (MC) with attention in 4-6 year-old preschoolers. The allocation of attentional resources and speed of stimulus categorization were examined using the amplitude and latency of P3 of event-related potentials respectively, while cortical activation related to general attention and task-specific discriminative processes were examined using event-related desynchronization (ERD) at lower (8-10 Hz) and upper (10-12 Hz) alpha frequencies, respectively. Seventy-six preschoolers completed NAF (muscular power, muscular endurance, flexibility, balance) and MC (coordination and dexterity, ball skills, agility and balance) test batteries. Electroencephalogram was recorded while participants performed an auditory oddball task. After controlling for age and MC, muscular endurance was positively related to P3 amplitude. MC and its coordination and dexterity sub-component were positively related to task performance, with higher levels of coordination and dexterity showing an additional association with greater upper alpha ERD between 700 and 1000 ms following stimulus onset after controlling for age and NAF. These findings suggest relationships of NAF and MC with early childhood neurocognitive function. Specifically, muscular endurance is related to the neuroinhibition in facilitating effective allocation of attentional resources to stimulus evaluation while coordination and dexterity are related to cortical activation underlying strategic attentional preparation for subsequent stimulus evaluation.
这项研究调查了非有氧健身（NAF）和运动能力（MC）与 4-6 岁学龄前儿童注意力的关系。通过事件相关电位的 P3 振幅和潜伏期分别考察了注意力资源的分配和刺激分类的速度，而通过较低（8-10 Hz）和较高（10-12 Hz）alpha 频率的事件相关去同步（ERD）分别考察了与一般注意力和任务特定辨别过程相关的皮质激活。76 名学龄前儿童完成了 NAF（肌肉力量、肌肉耐力、柔韧性、平衡）和 MC（协调性和灵巧性、球技、敏捷性和平衡）测试。在参与者执行听觉Oddball 任务时记录脑电图。在控制年龄和 MC 后，肌肉耐力与 P3 振幅呈正相关。MC 及其协调性和灵巧性子成分与任务表现呈正相关，在控制年龄和 NAF 后，较高的协调性和灵巧性与刺激后 700 到 1000 毫秒之间的上 alpha ERD 呈额外关联。这些发现表明 NAF 和 MC 与儿童早期神经认知功能有关。具体来说，肌肉耐力与神经抑制有关，有助于有效地将注意力资源分配到刺激评估上，而协调性和灵巧性与后续刺激评估的策略性注意力准备的皮质激活有关。
