Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies of the National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRPPS), 00185 Rome, Italy.
Department of Social Sciences and Economics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 6;18(4):1558. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18041558.
The study of adolescents' behaviours and attitudes is crucial to define interventions for the containment of deviance and social discomfort. New ways of social interaction are crystallising violent behaviours which are moving more than ever on a virtual sphere. Bullying and cyberbullying share a common behavioural matrix that has been outlined through specific environmental and individual characteristics.
A survey carried out in Italy in 2019 on a statistical sample of 3273 students highlighted the influence of several social and individual variables on deviant phenomena. Risk and protective factors in relation to the probability of involvement in bullying and cyberbullying have been shown through a bivariate analysis and a binary logistic regression model.
The study shows that presence of stereotypes and social prejudices, tolerance to violence and high levels of self-esteem have resulted as the main risk factors. On the other hand, low levels of tolerance related to the consumption of alcohol and drugs, high levels of trust towards family and friends and being female have been identified as protective factors.
This research confirms the validity of several theories on bullying and cyberbullying phenomena. Furthermore, it identifies specific risk and protective factors and their influence on deviant behaviours, with a focus on environmental characteristics which appear as the key field of work to enhance adolescents' well-being.
研究青少年的行为和态度对于确定遏制偏差和社会不适的干预措施至关重要。新的社交方式正在形成暴力行为，这些行为比以往任何时候都更多地出现在虚拟领域。欺凌和网络欺凌有着共同的行为矩阵，这一矩阵通过特定的环境和个体特征得到了明确。
2019 年在意大利对一个由 3273 名学生组成的统计样本进行的调查突出了几个社会和个体变量对偏差现象的影响。通过双变量分析和二元逻辑回归模型，展示了与欺凌和网络欺凌参与概率相关的风险和保护因素。
研究表明，刻板印象和社会偏见的存在、对暴力的容忍度以及自尊心的高度是主要的风险因素。另一方面，与酒精和毒品消费相关的容忍度低、对家庭和朋友的信任度高以及女性身份被确定为保护因素。
这项研究证实了关于欺凌和网络欺凌现象的几个理论的有效性。此外，它确定了具体的风险和保护因素及其对偏差行为的影响，重点关注环境特征，这些特征似乎是增强青少年福祉的关键工作领域。
