College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA 16509, USA.
Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 7;22(4):1659. doi: 10.3390/ijms22041659.
The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While this respiratory virus only causes mild symptoms in younger healthy individuals, elderly people and those with cardiovascular diseases such as systemic hypertension are susceptible to developing severe conditions that can be fatal. SARS-CoV-2 infection is also associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial injury, acute coronary syndrome, and thromboembolism. Understanding the mechanisms of the effects of this virus on the cardiovascular system should thus help develop therapeutic strategies to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Since this virus causes severe and fatal conditions in older individuals with cardiovascular comorbidities, effective therapies targeting specific populations will likely contribute to ending this pandemic. In this review article, the effects of various viruses-including other coronaviruses, influenza, dengue, and human immunodeficiency virus-on the cardiovascular system are described to help provide molecular mechanisms of pathologies associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. The goal is to provide mechanistic information from the biology of other viral infections in relation to cardiovascular pathologies for the purpose of developing improved vaccines and therapeutic agents effective in preventing and/or treating the acute and long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.
当前 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行是由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的。虽然这种呼吸道病毒在年轻健康个体中仅引起轻微症状，但老年人和患有心血管疾病（如系统性高血压）的人易发生可能致命的严重情况。SARS-CoV-2 感染也与心血管疾病的发病率增加有关，如心肌损伤、急性冠状动脉综合征和血栓栓塞。因此，了解这种病毒对心血管系统的影响机制应有助于制定治疗策略，以降低与 SARS-CoV-2 感染相关的死亡率和发病率。由于这种病毒会导致患有心血管合并症的老年个体出现严重和致命的情况，因此针对特定人群的有效疗法可能有助于结束这一大流行。在这篇综述文章中，描述了包括其他冠状病毒、流感、登革热和人类免疫缺陷病毒在内的各种病毒对心血管系统的影响，以帮助提供与 SARS-CoV-2 感染和 COVID-19 相关的病理学的分子机制。目的是提供其他病毒感染的生物学方面与心血管病理学相关的机制信息，以便开发有效的疫苗和治疗剂，预防和/或治疗 SARS-CoV-2 和 COVID-19 的急性和长期后果。
