Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China.
State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
Nat Commun. 2021 Feb 9;12(1):897. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21155-x.
The dynamics, duration, and nature of immunity produced during SARS-CoV-2 infection are still unclear. Here, we longitudinally measured virus-neutralising antibody, specific antibodies against the spike (S) protein, receptor-binding domain (RBD), and the nucleoprotein (N) of SARS-CoV-2, as well as T cell responses, in 25 SARS-CoV-2-infected patients up to 121 days post-symptom onset (PSO). All patients seroconvert for IgG against N, S, or RBD, as well as IgM against RBD, and produce neutralising antibodies (NAb) by 14 days PSO, with the peak levels attained by 15-30 days PSO. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and NAb remain detectable and relatively stable 3-4 months PSO, whereas IgM antibody rapidly decay. Approximately 65% of patients have detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 or CD8 T cell responses 3-4 months PSO. Our results thus provide critical evidence that IgG, NAb, and T cell responses persist in the majority of patients for at least 3-4 months after infection.
SARS-CoV-2 感染产生的免疫动力学、持续时间和性质尚不清楚。在这里，我们纵向测量了 25 名 SARS-CoV-2 感染患者在症状出现后 121 天内的病毒中和抗体、针对刺突（S）蛋白、受体结合域（RBD）和核衣壳蛋白（N）的特异性抗体，以及 T 细胞反应。所有患者均针对 N、S 或 RBD 的 IgG 以及针对 RBD 的 IgM 发生血清转化，并在 14 天 PSO 时产生中和抗体（NAb），其峰值在 15-30 天 PSO 时达到。抗 SARS-CoV-2 IgG 和 NAb 在 PSO 后 3-4 个月仍可检测到且相对稳定，而 IgM 抗体迅速衰减。大约 65%的患者在 PSO 后 3-4 个月可检测到 SARS-CoV-2 特异性 CD4 或 CD8 T 细胞反应。因此，我们的结果提供了重要证据，表明 IgG、NAb 和 T 细胞反应在感染后至少 3-4 个月内仍存在于大多数患者中。
