Hedman Hayden D, Krawczyk Eric, Helmy Yosra A, Zhang Lixin, Varga Csaba
Summit County Local Public Health Agency, Summit County, Frisco, CO 80443, USA.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Pathogens. 2021 Feb 8;10(2):180. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10020180.
Emerging infectious diseases present great risks to public health. The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has become an urgent public health issue of global concern. It is speculated that the virus first emerged through a zoonotic spillover. Basic research studies have suggested that bats are likely the ancestral reservoir host. Nonetheless, the evolutionary history and host susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear as a multitude of animals has been proposed as potential intermediate or dead-end hosts. SARS-CoV-2 has been isolated from domestic animals, both companion and livestock, as well as in captive wildlife that were in close contact with human COVID-19 cases. Currently, domestic mink is the only known animal that is susceptible to a natural infection, develop severe illness, and can also transmit SARS-CoV-2 to other minks and humans. To improve foundational knowledge of SARS-CoV-2, we are conducting a synthesis review of its host diversity and transmission pathways. To mitigate this COVID-19 pandemic, we strongly advocate for a systems-oriented scientific approach that comprehensively evaluates the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at the human and animal interface.
新发传染病对公众健康构成巨大风险。新型严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引发了2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19），已成为全球关注的紧迫公共卫生问题。据推测，该病毒最初通过人畜共患传播出现。基础研究表明，蝙蝠可能是其原始宿主。尽管如此，由于众多动物被认为是潜在的中间宿主或终末宿主，SARS-CoV-2的进化史和宿主易感性仍不清楚。SARS-CoV-2已从家养动物（包括伴侣动物和家畜）以及与人类COVID-19病例密切接触的圈养野生动物中分离出来。目前，家养水貂是唯一已知的易受自然感染、会患重病且还能将SARS-CoV-2传播给其他水貂和人类的动物。为增进对SARS-CoV-2的基础知识了解，我们正在对其宿主多样性和传播途径进行综合综述。为缓解这场COVID-19大流行，我们强烈主张采用一种以系统为导向的科学方法，全面评估SARS-CoV-2在人与动物界面的传播情况。
