Yamakawa Keiko, Ye Juanjuan, Nakano-Narusawa Yuko, Matsuda Yoko
Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Feb 8;13(4):686. doi: 10.3390/cancers13040686.
Despite advances in diagnostics and therapeutics, the prognosis of pancreatic cancer remains dismal. Because of a lack of early diagnostic methods, aggressive local progression, and high incidence of distant metastasis, most pancreatic cancers are inoperable; therefore, the characteristics of early pancreatic cancer have not been well understood. Autopsy studies revealed the characteristics of prediagnostic pancreatic malignancies, including precancerous lesions, early stage pancreatic cancer, and pancreatic cancer without clinical symptoms (occult cancers). Animal models using hamsters and genetically engineered mice have focused on mechanisms of carcinogenesis, thereby providing insights into risk factors and prevention and serving as a preclinical test for the development of novel diagnostic and treatment modalities. In this review, we have summarized pathological changes in the pancreas of humans and experimental animals during carcinogenesis.
尽管在诊断和治疗方面取得了进展，但胰腺癌的预后仍然很差。由于缺乏早期诊断方法、局部侵袭性强以及远处转移发生率高，大多数胰腺癌无法手术切除；因此，早期胰腺癌的特征尚未得到充分了解。尸检研究揭示了诊断前胰腺恶性肿瘤的特征，包括癌前病变、早期胰腺癌和无临床症状的胰腺癌（隐匿性癌）。使用仓鼠和基因工程小鼠的动物模型专注于致癌机制，从而深入了解风险因素和预防方法，并作为新型诊断和治疗方式开发的临床前测试。在这篇综述中，我们总结了人类和实验动物在致癌过程中胰腺的病理变化。
