Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1G 2E8.
Can J Psychiatry. 2021 Dec;66(12):1069-1076. doi: 10.1177/0706743720984684. Epub 2021 Feb 11.
The principal objective of our study was to document the short-term impact of the legalization of recreational cannabis on active cannabis use, cannabis use disorder, and various psychotic disorders.
We carried out a retrospective observational study of patients who were at least 12 years old and who had visited a psychiatrist in the emergency unit of the (CHUS). We included all the consultations of this type over a 5-month period, immediately following the legalization of recreational cannabis in Canada. We then divided our population into an adult (over 18) and teenager group (12 to 17) compared the data to the data from consultations made 2 years earlier, using a generalized linear mixed model.
We examined consultations in patients over 18 years old in prelegalization ( = 1,247) and postlegalization ( = 1,368) groups. We observed a statistically significant increase in the use of cannabis (28.0% to 37.1%; odds ratio [] = 1.81 [1.34 to 2.44], = 0.00011) as well as an increase in diagnoses of active cannabis use disorder (17.7% to 24.3%; = 1.53 [1.13 to 2.08], = 0.0064). The increase in cannabis use disorder was more prominent among patients between 18 and 24 years old (17.3% to 25.9%; = 2.27 [1.17 to 4.40], = 0.015). We observed no statistically significant difference in terms of psychotic disorder diagnoses (27.4% to 29.2%; = 1.17 [0.84 to 1.63], = 0.35)]. Conversely, we identified a greater proportion of patients who had a personality disorder diagnosis in the postlegalization period (39.6% to 44.9%; = 1.35 [1.02 to 1.80], = 0.038). Examination of pediatric (under 18 years old) consultations revealed no statistically significant differences.
Although an affirmative conclusion is tentative, the current findings suggest a first link between the legalization of cannabis in Canada and increased diagnoses of cannabis use disorder, as well as cannabis use in general among patients in a university hospital psychiatric emergency department.
我们研究的主要目的是记录娱乐性大麻合法化对当前大麻使用、大麻使用障碍和各种精神障碍的短期影响。
我们对至少 12 岁并在魁北克省舍布鲁克大学健康中心（CHUS）急诊室看精神科医生的患者进行了回顾性观察性研究。我们纳入了在此类咨询服务合法化后 5 个月内所有此类咨询的患者。然后，我们将患者分为成年人（18 岁以上）和青少年（12 至 17 岁）组，并使用广义线性混合模型将当前数据与两年前的咨询数据进行比较。
我们检查了合法化前（=1247）和合法化后（=1368）18 岁以上患者的咨询情况。我们观察到大麻使用显著增加（28.0%至 37.1%；比值比[OR] = 1.81 [1.34 至 2.44]，=0.00011），以及主动大麻使用障碍的诊断增加（17.7%至 24.3%；=1.53 [1.13 至 2.08]，=0.0064）。18 至 24 岁的患者中，大麻使用障碍的增加更为显著（17.3%至 25.9%；=2.27 [1.17 至 4.40]，=0.015）。我们没有发现精神病诊断方面存在统计学显著差异（27.4%至 29.2%；=1.17 [0.84 至 1.63]，=0.35）。相反，我们发现合法化后有更多的患者被诊断为人格障碍（39.6%至 44.9%；=1.35 [1.02 至 1.80]，=0.038）。对儿科（18 岁以下）咨询的检查未发现统计学显著差异。
尽管结论还不确定，但目前的研究结果表明，加拿大娱乐性大麻合法化与大学医院精神科急诊室患者中大麻使用障碍以及一般大麻使用的诊断增加之间存在初步联系。
