Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
FEBS J. 2022 Feb;289(3):634-646. doi: 10.1111/febs.15756. Epub 2021 Feb 23.
Viral infections are very common, and in most cases, the virus is well controlled and eliminated by the immune system. Nevertheless, in some cases, damage of the host tissue inflicted by the virus itself or by the elicited immune response may result in severe disease courses. Thus, regulatory mechanisms are necessary to control virus-induced and immune pathology. This ensures immune responses are elicited in a potent but controlled manner. In this review, we will outline how immune regulation may contribute to this process. We focus on regulatory T cells and co-inhibitory receptors and outline how these two regulatory immune components allow for and may even promote potent but not pathologic immune responses. By enabling a balanced immune response, regulatory mechanisms can thus contribute to pathogen control as well as tissue and host protection.
病毒感染非常常见，在大多数情况下，病毒会被免疫系统很好地控制和清除。然而，在某些情况下，病毒本身或免疫反应引起的宿主组织损伤可能导致严重的疾病过程。因此，需要调节机制来控制病毒诱导的和免疫病理。这可确保以有力但受控的方式引发免疫反应。在这篇综述中，我们将概述免疫调节如何有助于这一过程。我们重点介绍调节性 T 细胞和共抑制受体，并概述这两种调节性免疫成分如何允许甚至促进有力但非病理性免疫反应。通过实现平衡的免疫反应，调节机制因此可有助于控制病原体以及组织和宿主保护。
