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远程物联网设备设计的艺术——实现长电池续航的技术与策略

The Art of Designing Remote IoT Devices-Technologies and Strategies for a Long Battery Life.

作者信息

Callebaut Gilles, Leenders Guus, Van Mulders Jarne, Ottoy Geoffrey, De Strycker Lieven, Van der Perre Liesbet

机构信息

ESAT-DRAMCO, Ghent Technology Campus, KU Leuven, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.

出版信息

Sensors (Basel). 2021 Jan 29;21(3):913. doi: 10.3390/s21030913.

DOI:10.3390/s21030913
PMID:33572897
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7866251/
Abstract

Long-range wireless connectivity technologies for sensors and actuators open the door for a variety of new Internet of Things (IoT) applications. These technologies can be deployed to establish new monitoring capabilities and enhance efficiency of services in a rich diversity of domains. Low energy consumption is essential to enable battery-powered IoT nodes with a long autonomy. This paper explains the challenges posed by combining low-power and long-range connectivity. An energy breakdown demonstrates the dominance of transmit and sleep energy. The principles for achieving both low-power and wide-area are outlined, and the landscape of available networking technologies that are suited to connect remote IoT nodes is sketched. The typical anatomy of such a node is presented, and the subsystems are zoomed into. The art of designing remote IoT devices requires an application-oriented approach, where a meticulous design and smart operation are essential to grant a long battery life. In particular we demonstrate the importance of strategies such as "think before you talk" and "race to sleep". As maintenance of IoT nodes is often cumbersome due to being deployed at hard to reach places, extending the battery life of these devices is critical. Moreover, the environmental impact of batteries further demonstrates the need for a longer battery life in order to reduce the number of batteries used.

摘要

用于传感器和执行器的远程无线连接技术为各种新型物联网（IoT）应用打开了大门。这些技术可用于建立新的监测能力，并提高丰富多样领域中服务的效率。低能耗对于使电池供电的物联网节点具有长续航能力至关重要。本文阐述了结合低功耗和远程连接所带来的挑战。能量分解表明发射能量和睡眠能量占主导地位。概述了实现低功耗和广域覆盖的原则，并勾勒了适用于连接远程物联网节点的可用网络技术的概况。介绍了此类节点的典型架构，并详细探讨了各个子系统。设计远程物联网设备的技术需要一种面向应用的方法，其中精心设计和智能操作对于确保长电池寿命至关重要。特别是，我们展示了诸如“三思而后行”和“竞相进入睡眠状态”等策略的重要性。由于物联网节点通常部署在难以到达的地方，维护起来往往很麻烦，因此延长这些设备的电池寿命至关重要。此外，电池对环境的影响进一步表明需要更长的电池寿命，以减少电池的使用数量。

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