Asghari Somayyeh, Mohammadzadegan-Tabrizi Rasoul, Rafraf Maryam, Sarbakhsh Parvin, Babaie Javad
Department of Students' Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
J Educ Health Promot. 2020 Dec 29;9:332. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_166_20. eCollection 2020.
Dried Urmia Lake in the northwest of Iran is a major regional source of sodium and toxic metal aerosols which may cause numerous health problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) and some related risk factors among women of reproductive age in the suburb of dried Urmia Lake to provide the information about the problem to the health-care providers.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 278 healthy nonpregnant, nonlactating women aged 18-45 years, living in the rural area of the Salmas city, closest to the Urmia Lake between February and June 2017. The study participants were selected using a stratified random sampling method with proportional allocation from seven villages. A general questionnaire was completed for each participant to collect sociodemographic information and a 3-day dietary recall questionnaire to obtain daily dietary intakes. IDA was defined as a hemoglobin (Hb) level of <12 g/dl and ferritin concentration of <15 μg/l. Spearman's correlation coefficient and Fisher's exact test were applied to determine sociodemographic factors associated with the serum Hb and ferritin levels.
The prevalence of overall anemia (Hb <12 g/dl) was 7.9%. IDA was determined in 4.3% and iron deficiency (ID) in 19.1% (serum ferritin <15 μg/l) of the participants. There was a significant positive correlation between serum Hb concentrations and the mean daily intakes of protein and iron ( < 0.001). Similarly, a significant positive correlation was observed between serum ferritin levels and body mass index ( < 0.001). Significant inverse associations were found between Hb concentrations and the number of pregnancies and children ( < 0.001), as well as the number of family members ( < 0.05).
Results indicated a mild prevalence of IDA and a relatively high rate of ID among studied participants. Educational programs are needed to improve nutritional habits as well as the use of contraceptives to promote women's health.
伊朗西北部干涸的乌尔米耶湖是钠和有毒金属气溶胶的主要区域来源，可能导致众多健康问题。本研究的目的是评估干涸的乌尔米耶湖郊区育龄妇女中的缺铁性贫血（IDA）及一些相关风险因素，以便向医疗保健提供者提供有关该问题的信息。
本横断面研究于2017年2月至6月对278名年龄在18 - 45岁、健康的非妊娠、非哺乳期妇女进行，这些妇女居住在最靠近乌尔米耶湖的萨尔马斯市农村地区。研究参与者采用分层随机抽样方法，按比例从七个村庄选取。为每位参与者填写一份一般问卷以收集社会人口统计学信息，并填写一份3天饮食回顾问卷以获取每日饮食摄入量。IDA定义为血红蛋白（Hb）水平<12 g/dl且铁蛋白浓度<15 μg/l。应用Spearman相关系数和Fisher精确检验来确定与血清Hb和铁蛋白水平相关的社会人口统计学因素。
总体贫血（Hb <12 g/dl）的患病率为7.9%。参与者中4.3%被诊断为IDA，19.1%存在缺铁（ID）（血清铁蛋白<15 μg/l）。血清Hb浓度与蛋白质和铁的平均每日摄入量之间存在显著正相关（<0.001）。同样，血清铁蛋白水平与体重指数之间也观察到显著正相关（<0.001）。Hb浓度与怀孕次数、子女数量（<0.001）以及家庭成员数量之间存在显著负相关（<0.05）。
结果表明，在所研究的参与者中，IDA患病率较低，ID率相对较高。需要开展教育项目来改善营养习惯以及推广使用避孕药具，以促进妇女健康。
