Javakhishvili Magda, Vazsonyi Alexander T
Department of Family Sciences, University of Kentucky, 316 Funkhouser Bldg., Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2022 Apr;53(2):389-402. doi: 10.1007/s10578-021-01137-2. Epub 2021 Feb 12.
The current investigation tested childhood developmental antecedents of adolescent empathy, self-control, callous-unemotionality, and delinquency, namely difficult temperament, positive socialization experiences, and intelligence; it also tested potential mediation effects of temperament via socialization. Data were collected as part of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Early Child Care and Youth Development Study, which followed N = 1364 children from birth through 15 years (51% female, 80% European American). Early positive socialization (maternal sensitivity, secure attachment, and quality home environment) and temperament variables were assessed from 1 to 36 months, intelligence at age 9, and self-control, empathy, callous-unemotionality, and delinquency at age 15. Based on structural equation modeling hypothesis tests, early positive socialization positively predicted self-control and empathy, and negatively predicted callous-unemotionality and delinquency. Intelligence uniquely and positively predicted empathy. Difficult infant temperament indirectly predicted each of the four traits through early positive socialization. Important research and practical implications are discussed.
当前的调查研究了青少年同理心、自我控制、冷酷无情和犯罪行为的儿童发展前因，即困难型气质、积极的社会化经历和智力；还测试了气质通过社会化产生的潜在中介作用。数据收集自美国国立儿童健康与人类发展研究所的早期儿童保育与青少年发展研究，该研究跟踪了1364名儿童从出生到15岁的情况（51%为女性，80%为欧美裔）。从1至36个月评估早期积极社会化（母亲敏感性、安全依恋和优质家庭环境）和气质变量，9岁时评估智力，15岁时评估自我控制、同理心、冷酷无情和犯罪行为。基于结构方程模型假设检验结果发现，早期积极社会化对自我控制和同理心有正向预测作用，对冷酷无情和犯罪行为有负向预测作用。智力对同理心有独特的正向预测作用。困难型婴儿气质通过早期积极社会化间接预测了这四种特质。文中讨论了相关重要的研究和实际意义。
