Bokulich Alisa, Parker Wendy
Department of Philosophy, Boston University, 745 Commonwealth Avenue, Room 516, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
Department of Philosophy, Virginia Tech, 229 Major Williams Hall (0126), Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA.
Eur J Philos Sci. 2021;11(1):31. doi: 10.1007/s13194-020-00345-2. Epub 2021 Jan 29.
We critically engage two traditional views of scientific data and outline a novel philosophical view that we call the . On the PR view, data are representations that are the product of a process of inquiry, and they should be evaluated in terms of their adequacy or fitness for particular purposes. Some important implications of the PR view for data assessment, related to misrepresentation, context-sensitivity, and complementary use, are highlighted. The PR view provides insight into the common but little-discussed practices of iteratively reusing and repurposing data, which result in many datasets' having a phylogeny-an origin and complex evolutionary history-that is relevant to their evaluation and future use. We relate these insights to the open-data and data-rescue movements, and highlight several future avenues of research that build on the PR view of data.
我们批判性地探讨了两种关于科学数据的传统观点，并概述了一种新颖的哲学观点，我们称之为“实用表征（PR）观点”。根据PR观点，数据是探究过程的产物的表征，并且应该根据它们对于特定目的的充分性或适用性来进行评估。文中强调了PR观点对数据评估的一些重要影响，这些影响与错误表征、情境敏感性和互补性使用相关。PR观点为反复重用和重新利用数据这种常见但很少被讨论的实践提供了见解，这导致许多数据集具有一种与它们的评估和未来使用相关的谱系——一个起源和复杂的进化历史。我们将这些见解与开放数据和数据拯救运动联系起来，并强调了基于PR数据观点的几个未来研究方向。
