Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, 1710, South Africa.
Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, 1710, South Africa.
Talanta. 2021 Apr 1;225:121951. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121951. Epub 2020 Dec 5.
In this review, the state-of-the-art of screen, inkjet, and three-dimensional (3D) printing electrode technologies of diverse types, manufacturing processes, and applications are critically reviewed for the first time. Emerging printing electrode-based technologies for advanced fabrication of printed electrode materials have given rise to the development of printed electrode devices and systems, thereby opening new avenues for several electrochemical applications. Additionally, their properties can be fine-tuned for specific electrochemical applications by embedding and/or immobilizing nano-structured materials. Nano-based printed or modified electrodes exhibit attractive features such as enhanced performance, cost-effectiveness, scalability, and high selectivity towards various targeted electroactive analytes. Furthermore, these nano-sized printed electrodes are flexible and portable, and thus are applicable for on-site measurements. However, their performance is affected by the type of printed electrode materials and fabrication methods employed. Hence, this review delves on the various electrode materials, printing methods and their applications for biosensors as well as for the detection of organic and inorganic compounds. The printed electrode materials that focus on properties such as selectivity, sensitivity and limit of detection available in the literature are highlighted in this review. Finally, future prospects, possibilities, and challenges of these advanced printing electrode technologies are deliberated.
在这篇综述中，首次对各种类型的屏幕、喷墨和三维（3D）打印电极技术的最新进展、制造工艺和应用进行了批判性的回顾。新兴的基于打印电极的先进制造技术为打印电极材料的发展提供了新的途径，从而为许多电化学应用开辟了新的途径。此外，通过嵌入和/或固定纳米结构材料，可以对其性能进行微调，以适应特定的电化学应用。基于纳米的打印或修饰电极具有增强的性能、成本效益、可扩展性和对各种目标电活性分析物的高选择性等吸引人的特点。此外，这些纳米级的打印电极具有柔韧性和便携性，因此适用于现场测量。然而，它们的性能受到所使用的打印电极材料和制造方法的影响。因此，本综述深入探讨了各种电极材料、打印方法及其在生物传感器以及有机和无机化合物检测中的应用。本文重点介绍了文献中关于选择性、灵敏度和检测限等性能的各种打印电极材料。最后，对这些先进的打印电极技术的未来前景、可能性和挑战进行了讨论。
