Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021 Feb 2;10:609071. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.609071. eCollection 2020.
Apoptosis, a form of the programmed cell death, is an indispensable defense mechanism regulating cellular homeostasis and is triggered by multiple stimuli. Because of the regulation of apoptosis in cellular homeostasis, viral proteins with apoptotic activity are particular foci of on antitumor therapy. One representative viral protein is the open reading frame 3 (ORF3) protein, also named as apoptin in the chicken anemia virus (CAV), and has the ability to induce tumor-specific apoptosis. Proteins encoded by ORF3 in other circovirus species, such as porcine circovirus (PCV) and duck circovirus (DuCV), have also been reported to induce apoptosis, with subtle differences in apoptotic activity based on cell types. This article is aimed at reviewing the latest research advancements in understanding ORF3 protein-mediated apoptosis mechanisms of from three perspectives: subcellular localization, interactions with host proteins, and participation in multiple apoptotic signaling pathways, providing a scientific basis for circovirus pathogenesis and a reference on its potential anticancer function.
细胞凋亡是一种程序性细胞死亡的形式，是调节细胞内稳态的不可或缺的防御机制，可被多种刺激触发。由于凋亡在细胞内稳态中的调节作用，具有凋亡活性的病毒蛋白是抗肿瘤治疗的特定焦点。一种代表性的病毒蛋白是开放阅读框 3（ORF3）蛋白，在鸡贫血病毒（CAV）中也称为凋亡蛋白，具有诱导肿瘤特异性凋亡的能力。其他圆环病毒物种（如猪圆环病毒（PCV）和鸭圆环病毒（DuCV））中 ORF3 编码的蛋白也被报道具有诱导凋亡的能力，但基于细胞类型的凋亡活性存在细微差异。本文旨在从亚细胞定位、与宿主蛋白的相互作用以及参与多种凋亡信号通路三个方面综述 ORF3 蛋白介导的细胞凋亡机制的最新研究进展，为圆环病毒发病机制提供科学依据，并探讨其潜在的抗癌功能。
