Gonçalves Carlos Eduardo, Carvalho Humberto Moreira
Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.
Front Sports Act Living. 2021 Feb 2;2:581845. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2020.581845. eCollection 2020.
Relative age effect (RAE) is considered to bias the selection of young athletes and a cause of exclusion of many participants. The goal of the study was to unveil the effects of the birth quarter on physical performances and a set of psychological constructs in the age groups corresponding to the specialization years. A set of surveys with cross-sectional data collected from 2015 to 2019 in youth basketball was used. Three hundred and twenty-seven Brazilian players (127 females, 100 males), mean age 14.0 years, participated in the study. Counter-movement jump, line-drill, yoyo intermittent test, achievement goals, motivation for deliberate practice, and enjoyment were measured. Bayesian multilevel regression was performed. RAE was observed but its advantages did not persist and did not differentiate the players in the variables under scrutiny. The only predictor of athletic and psychological outcomes was chronological age. The initial advantage that triggered the coaches' decision to select individual players disappears during the specialization years. Coaches must overcome the superficial observation of young athletes based only on age groups and actual performances, avoiding hasty decisions that, unlike RAE, last in time and cannot be reversed.
相对年龄效应（RAE）被认为会使年轻运动员的选拔产生偏差，也是许多参与者被排除在外的一个原因。本研究的目的是揭示出生季度对相应于专项化年份的年龄组的身体表现和一系列心理构念的影响。使用了一组于2015年至2019年在青少年篮球领域收集的横断面数据调查。327名巴西球员（127名女性，100名男性），平均年龄14.0岁，参与了本研究。测量了反向移动跳、直线跑、悠悠间歇测试、成就目标、刻意练习动机和享受程度。进行了贝叶斯多层回归分析。观察到了相对年龄效应，但其优势并未持续，且在受审查的变量中并未区分球员。运动和心理结果的唯一预测因素是实足年龄。在专项化年份期间，促使教练决定选拔个别球员的最初优势消失了。教练必须克服仅基于年龄组和实际表现对年轻运动员进行的表面观察，避免做出与相对年龄效应不同、会持续存在且无法逆转的仓促决定。
