Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
Cognition. 2021 Aug;213:104625. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104625. Epub 2021 Feb 17.
The primary goal of research on the functional and neural architecture of bilingualism is to elucidate how bilingual individuals' language architecture is organized such that they can both speak in a single language without accidental insertions of the other, but also flexibly switch between their two languages if the context allows/demands them to. Here we review the principles under which any proposed architecture could operate, and present a framework where the selection mechanism for individual elements strictly operates on the basis of the highest level of activation and does not require suppressing representations in the non-target language. We specify the conjunction of parameters and factors that jointly determine these levels of activation and develop a theory of bilingual language organization that extends beyond the lexical level to other levels of representation (i.e., semantics, morphology, syntax and phonology). The proposed architecture assumes a common selection principle at each linguistic level to account for attested features of bilingual speech in, but crucially also out, of experimental settings.
双语者的功能和神经结构研究的主要目标是阐明双语者的语言结构是如何组织的，以便他们能够在不意外插入另一种语言的情况下用单一语言说话，但也能够在语境允许/要求他们切换到两种语言时灵活切换。在这里，我们回顾了任何提出的架构都可以运行的原则，并提出了一个框架，其中选择机制严格基于最高激活水平，而不需要抑制非目标语言的表示。我们指定了共同决定这些激活水平的参数和因素，并开发了一种超越词汇水平的双语语言组织理论（即语义、形态、句法和语音）。所提出的架构假设在每个语言水平上都有一个共同的选择原则，以解释双语者在实验环境内外的言语中已证实的特征。
