Yang Sha, Zhang Jialei, Geng Yun, Tang Zhaohui, Wang Jianguo, Guo Feng, Meng Jingjing, Wang Quan, Wan Shubo, Li Xinguo
Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, China.
Scientific observation and experiment station of crop cultivation in east China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dongying, China.
PeerJ. 2021 Feb 9;9:e10616. doi: 10.7717/peerj.10616. eCollection 2021.
In China, double-seed (DS) sowing (i.e., sowing two seeds per hole) has been conventionally performed towards the erect-plant-type peanuts to increase the low germination rate due to poor seed preservation conditions. However, the corresponding within-hole plant competition usually limits the subsequent plant growth and the final yield. We developed a high-yield cultivation system of single-seed (SS) precision sowing to solve this paradox, saving 20% of seeds and increasing yields by more than 10% relative to the conventional DS sowing.
To explore the mechanisms of these two different cropping patterns in peanut yields, we conducted transcriptomic and physiological comparisons in the seeding plant leaf and root tissues between SS precision sowing and standard DS sowing treatments.
After assembly, each library contained an average of 43 million reads and generated a total of 523,800, 338 clean reads. After GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, we found the key genes for biotic and abiotic stress showed higher expression in roots of plants grown under the SS precision sowing treatment, including genes encoding disease resistance, oxidation-reduction, hormone related, and stress response transcription factors and signaling regulation proteins. In particular, the resveratrol synthesis genes related to stress and disease resistance appeared induced in roots under the SS sowing treatment.
These data indicated that resistance and stress tolerance in roots under SS precision sowing were enhanced compared with roots under the DS sowing treatment. This work benefits the development of underground pods and thus increasing peanut yields.
在中国，对于直立型花生，传统上采用双粒播种（即每穴播两粒种子）来提高因种子保存条件差导致的低发芽率。然而，相应的穴内植株竞争通常会限制后续植株生长和最终产量。我们开发了一种单粒精准播种的高产栽培系统来解决这一矛盾，相对于传统双粒播种，节省了20%的种子，并使产量提高了10%以上。
为探究这两种不同种植模式对花生产量影响的机制，我们对单粒精准播种和标准双粒播种处理下的播种期植株叶片和根系组织进行了转录组学和生理学比较。
组装后，每个文库平均包含4300万条 reads，共产生523800338条 clean reads。经过基因本体论（GO）和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路分析，我们发现生物和非生物胁迫的关键基因在单粒精准播种处理下生长的植株根系中表达较高，包括编码抗病性、氧化还原、激素相关以及胁迫响应转录因子和信号调节蛋白的基因。特别是，与胁迫和抗病性相关的白藜芦醇合成基因在单粒播种处理下的根系中出现诱导表达。
这些数据表明，与双粒播种处理下的根系相比，单粒精准播种下根系的抗性和胁迫耐受性增强。这项工作有利于地下荚果的发育，从而提高花生产量。
